The
NSDUH Report: Parent
Awareness of Youth Use of Cigarettes, Alcohol, and Marijuana
SAMHSA's
National Survey on Drug Use and Health includes a sample of parents
and their children who live in the same household. These parent-child
pairs are composed of a child aged 12 to 17 and his or her biological,
step, adoptive, or foster parent. Based
on SAMHSA's National Survey on Drug Use and Health, mothers were more
likely than fathers to be aware of their child's substance use in the
past year regardless of their household having a mother only or both
parents. Fathers
in two parent households were more likely than fathers in father-only
households to be aware of their child's substance use in the past year. The
older the child, the more likely that parents were aware of their child's
alcohol and cigarette use in the past year. Past
year substance use by youth was higher in one-parent households than
those with both parents. Within
one-parent households, substance use by youth was generally higher among
youth in father-child pairs than mother-child pairs.
The
NSDUH Report: Youth Activities, Substance Use, and Family Income
Based on SAMHSA's 2005 National Survey on Drug
Use and Health, 92.4% of youths aged 12 to 17 participated in one or
more school-based, community-based, church or faith-based, or other
such activities during the past year: 27.1% participated in one to three
activities, 31.4% participated in four to six activities, and 33.9%
participated in seven or more activities in the past year.
Youth
in families of lower income were more likely not to participate in any
school-based, community-based, church or faith-based or related activities;
however, regardless of family income those youth who did participate
had lower rates of cigarette, alcohol, or illicit drug use than those
who did not participate in such activities. The
greater the number of activities, the lower the rates of past year use
of cigarettes, alcohol, or illicit drugs among youth. For example, the
rates of illicit drug use were 18.3% for youth who participated in no
such activities, 11.9% for those with 1-3 activities, 9.4% for 4-6 activities,
and 6.8% for 7 or more youth activities in the past year.
The
NSDUH Report: Underage Alcohol Use among Full-Time College
Students
SAMHSA's National Survey on Drug Use & Health examined trends and
patterns in the rates of alcohol use by full time college students aged
18 to 20 and found that the rates of past month, binge, and heavy alcohol
use remained steady from 2002 to 2005. Binge drinking was defined as
5 or more drinks on the same occasion at least one day in the past month.
Based on combined data from the 2002 to 2005 National Surveys on Drug
Use & Health, 57.8% of full time college students underage for legal
drinking used alcohol in the past month, 40.1% engaged in binge drinking,
and 16.6% engaged in heavy drinking.
Males were more likely than females to have used alcohol in the past
month (60.4% vs. 55.6%), binge drank (46.9% vs. 34.4%), or drank heavily
(22.7% vs. 11.5%).
The
NSDUH Report:
Academic Performance and Substance Use among Students Aged 12 to 17
(2002, 2003, & 2004) Based on SAMHSA's
most recent National Surveys on Drug Use & Health, 70.4% of students
aged 12 to 17 reported that they had an A or B grade average in their
last semester or grading period, while 29.6% had a C average or less.
Younger students were more likely to report good grades than older students;
for example, 75.6% of students aged 12 or 13 reported an A or B average
compared with 68.3% of students aged 16 or 17. Students who did not
use alcohol in the past month (72.5%) were more likely to have an A
or B grade average than those drank alcohol but did not binge (67.1%)
or those who binge drank alcohol in the past month (57.7%). Students
who did not use marijuana in the past month (72.2%) were more likely
to have an A or B grade average than those who used marijuana on 1 to
4 days in the past month (58.0%) or those using marijuana on 5 or more
days in the past month (44.9%).
The
NSDUH Report: College Enrollment Status and Past Year
Illicit Drug Use among Young Adults: 2002, 2003, and 2004
SAMHSA's National Surveys on Drug Use and Health from 2002, 2003, and
2004 were combined to get annualized averages in order to compare past
year illicit drug use among college students and nonstudents at each
age from 18 to 22. Past year illicit drug use rates among young adults
aged 18 to 22 were similar for full-time college students (37.5%), part-time
college students (38.5%), and nonstudents (38.4%).
Among males, the rate of past year illicit drug use was lower for full-time
college students than nonstudents (40% vs. 43%);
but among females, the rate was higher for full-time college students
than nonstudents (35% vs. 33%). Full-time
college students were less likely than nonstudents to be past year users
of cocaine (6.3% vs. 8.2%), crack cocaine (0.4% vs. 1.4%), pain relievers
used nonmedically (11.6% vs. 13.9%), and methamphetamine (0.8% vs. 2.6%).
The
NSDUH Report: Youths' Exposure to Substance Use Prevention
Messages, 2003
Based on SAMHSA's National Survey on Drug Use and Health in 2003, most
youths have been exposed to some kind of substance abuse prevention
message - - whether having seen or heard an alcohol or drug prevention
message or talked with a parent about the dangers of tobacco, alcohol,
or drug use. About 84% of youths aged 12 to 17 (20.8 million) in 2003
reported having seen or heard an alcohol or drug prevention message
from sources such as posters, pamphlets, radio, or TV in the past 12
months. About 59% of the youths (14.6 million) reported having talked
with at least one of their parents during the past year about the dangers
of tobacco, alcohol or drug use. Youth
who had talked with a parent about the dangers of tobacco, alcohol,
or drug use in the past year were less likely to report past month alcohol
use, binge alcohol use, or illicit drug use than youths who had not
talked with a parent.
The
NSDUH Report: Mother's Serious Mental Illness and Substance
Use among Youths
Based on SAMHSA's National Survey on Drug Use and Health in 2002 and
2003, an annual average of 18 million women aged 18 or older lived with
a biological, foster, step, or adoptive child aged 12 to 17. About
11.9% of mothers (2.1 million) living with youths aged 12 to 17 had
serious mental illness during the past year. About 3.2% of the mothers
had both serious mental illness and also reported illicit drug use,
binge alcohol use, or heavy alcohol use during the past month.
Youths living with a mother
who had serious mental illness (SMI) were more likely to have used alcohol
or an illicit drug during the past month (26.7%) than youths living
with a mother who did not have SMI (18.8%).
The
NSDUH Report: Substance Use and Need for Treatment Among Youths
Who Have Been in Foster Care About
680,000 youths (2.7%) aged 12 to 17 in the U.S. have ever been in foster
care. Based on SAMHSA's National Survey on Drug Use and Health, youths
who have ever been in foster care had higher rates of any illicit
drug use than youths who have never been in foster care (33.6%
vs. 21.7%). Youths
aged 12 to 17 who were in need of substance abuse treatment in the past
year were more likely to have received treatment if they had ever been
in foster care.
The
NSDUH Report: Youth Substance Use and Family Income
Based on SAMHSA's 2003 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, the lower
the family income, the more likely that the youths had used cigarettes
or an illegal drug in their lifetime. Youths in families with annual
incomes of less than $20,000 were equally likely to have ever used alcohol
or inhalants as those in families with incomes of $75,000 or more. Youths
age 12 to 17 in families with annual incomes of less than $20,000 were
more likely to have smoked cigarettes in their lifetime than those in
families with incomes of $75,000 or more (35.4% vs. 25.2%). An estimated
15% of youths in families with annual incomes of less than $20,000 had
ever used prescription-type drugs nonmedically compared with 11% of
those in families with incomes of $75,000 or more.
The
NSDUH Report:
Risk & Protective Factors for Substance Use Among American Indian
or Alaska Native Youths SAMHSA's
2002/2003 National Survey on Drug Use and Health provided
data on three categories of risk factors for substance use among American
Indian or Alaska Native youths: individual/peers, family, and school.
American Indian or Alaska Native youths were more likely than
other youths to perceive moderate to no risk associated with substance
use, to perceive their parents as not strongly disapproving of their
substance use, and to believe that all or most of the students in their
school get drunk at least once a week. According to American Indian
or Alaska Native youths, their parents were about as likely as those
of other youths to talk to their child about dangers of substance use,
to let the youth know they had done a good job, to tell their youth
that they were proud of something they had done, to make their youth
do chores around the house or to limit the amount of time watching TV.
However, parents of American Indian or Alaska Native youths were less
likely to provide help with school homework or to limit the time out
with friends on school nights.
The
NSDUH Report: Alcohol Dependence or Abuse Among Parents with
Children Living in the Home Based
on SAMHSA's National Survey on Drug Use and Health, in 2002 almost 5
million adults were alcohol dependent or alcohol abusing and had at
least one child younger than age 18 living in their home. Parents with
past year alcohol dependence or abuse were more likely to report household
turbulence than parents who were not alcohol dependent or alcohol abusing.
Household turbulence included people in their household having serious
arguments and often insulting or yelling at each other.
The
DASIS Report: Substance Abuse Treatment Admissions Referred
by Schools, 2000 School-referred
youth admissions to substance abuse treatment mostly involved marijuana
(56 percent) or alcohol (24 percent) as the primary substance of abuse.
Admissions referred by schools were more likely to be receiving treatment
for the first time than admissions referred by other sources (85 vs.
66 percent).
The
NSDUH Report: Substance Use Among School Dropouts
In 2002, approximately 3.2 million young adults aged 18 to 24 were considered
to be school dropouts. SAMHSA's 2002 National Survey on Drug Use
and Health compared the rates of smoking, drinking, and illegal drug
use among young adult school dropouts and non-dropouts.
The
NSDUH Report: How Youths Obtain Marijuana
Among youths who obtained marijuana for free or shared it, blacks (18
percent) were more likely than whites (9 percent) or Hispanics (7 percent)
to have obtained it from a relative or family member.
The
NHSDA Report: School Experiences and Substance Use Among Youth
Students aged 12 to 17 with positive school experiences were less likely
to have used alcohol or illicit drugs in the past year than students
without these positive school experiences. The youth with positive
school experiences were those who enjoyed going to school, who felt
that their assigned schoolwork was meaningful, or who felt that the
things they learned in school were going to be important later in life.
Also, the rates of past year alcohol and illicit drug use were lower
for youths who had seen or heard drug or alcohol prevention messages
at school in the past year than youths who had NOT seen or heard drug
or alcohol prevention messages at school.
The
NHSDA Report: Children Living with Substance Abusing or Substance
Dependent Parents Based
on SAMHSA's National Household Survey, in 2001 more than 6 million
children lived with at least one parent who abused or was dependent
on alcohol or an illicit drug during the past year. This involved
about 10 percent of children aged 5 or younger, 8 percent of children
aged 6 to 11, and 9 percent of youths aged 12 to 17.
Prevention
Chapter in 2001 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse -
presented data and discusses exposure to prevention programs and such
risk factors as perceptions of risk, drug availability, parental disapproval,
and delinquent behavior.
Parental
Influences on Adolescent Marijuana Use and the Baby Boom Generation
- examined family intactness, parental
problems, as well as parental drug use & attitudes and the
association with their children's drug use. Children's characteristics
including dropping out of school, emotional problems, etc. were also
examined.
Children
at Risk Because of Parental Substance Abuse
- estimated the number and percent of infants and children age 17 and
younger living with parents who used illegal drugs, cigarettes, or cigarettes,
were dependent on drugs or alcohol, or who needed substance abuse treatment.
Risk
and Protective Factors for Adolescent Drug Use -
includes parental, peer, school & community factors.
The
NHSDA Report: Substance Use Among Persons in Families Receiving
Government Assistance An
estimated 27 million persons aged 12 to 64 lived in families that received
government assistance in the year prior to the interview. For
their alcohol and illicit drug use rates, see The
NHSDA Report: Substance Use Among Persons in Families Receiving
Government Assistance.
The
NHSDA Report: Youths' Choice of Consultant for Serious
Problems as Related to Substance Use
SAMHSA's National Household Survey on Drug Abuse in 1999 asked youths
whom they would talk to about a serious problem. Of the estimated
23 million youths aged 12 to 17, about 16 million youths reported
that they would turn to a friend or sibling, 15 million to their mother,
and 1 million reported that they would turn to nobody.
The
DASIS Report: Health Insurance Status of Admissions for Substance
Abuse Treatment, 1999 In
1999, the majority (64 percent) of substance abuse treatment admissions
reported no health insurance. The types of insurance reported
by the substance abuse treatment admissions were Medicaid (14 percent),
private insurance (13 percent), and other forms of insurance (9
percent).
The
NHSDA Report: How Youths Get Cigarettes
In 2001, over 3 million persons aged 12 to 17 had smoked cigarettes
during the past month. Although it is illegal in the United States
to sell tobacco to under-aged youths, in 2001 almost 2 million youths
aged 12 to 17 who smoked cigarettes in the past month purchased them
personally during the same time period.
The
NHSDA Report: Academic Performance and Youth Substance
Use Youths who received grades of D or below last semester
were more likely than those with higher grades to have used cigarettes,
alcohol, or illicit drugs during the past month.
The
NHSDA Report: Parental Disapproval of Youths' Substance
Use Rates
of past month use of marijuana/hashish, alcohol, or cigarettes were
lower among youths who believed their parents would strongly disapprove
of their substance use compared with those who felt their parents somewhat
disapproved or those who thought their parents would neither approve
nor disapprove.
The
NHSDA Report: Youth Violence and Substance Use,
2001 Update Among youths aged
12 to 17, those aged 14 or 15 reported higher rates than those younger
or older for the following violent behaviors: serious fighting
at school or work, group-against-group fights, and attacking others
with the intent of seriously hurting them.
The
NHSDA Report: Team Sports Participation and Substance Use Among
Youths In 2000, approximately
61 percent of youths aged 12 to 17, or more than 14 million, participated
in team sports during the past year. Rates of past month
use of tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs were generally lower among
team sports participants than nonparticipants. However, the rate
of past month smokeless tobacco use was higher among team sports participants
than nonparticipants.
The
NHSDA Report: Neighborhood Characteristics and Youth Marijuana
Use Marijuana use was
higher among youth who perceived high rates of such neighborhood characteristics
as crime, drug selling, street fights, abandoned buildings, and graffiti
than youth perceiving low rates of such neighborhood characteristics.
The
NHSDA Report: Availability of Illicit Drugs to Females Aged
12 to 17 Females aged 12 to
17 were more likely than their male peers to report that cocaine, crack,
LSD, and heroin were fairly or very easy to obtain.
The
NHSDA Report: Obtaining Marijuana Easy for Youths In
1999, 57 percent of youths aged 12 to 17 agreed that obtaining marijuana
would be easy.
