SERVICES RESEARCH OUTREACH SURVEY(SROS) sros8.htm

Table B-1. Percentage who used drugs and alcohol during the five years before and after treatment
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]
Drug	Percentage using 5 or more times
Drug	Before	(n)	After	(n)	Difference^a		Standard Error	(n)	Percentage Difference^a	N

Alcohol	90.7	1,794	77.8	1,790	-13.1	*	1.6	1,787	-14	960,561

Any illicit drug	75.4	1,799	59.3	1,799	-16.1	*	1.5	1,799	-21	967,012

Marijuana	56.5	1,789	41.0	1,774	-16.0	*	1.6	1,774	-28	952,103
Cocaine	42.9	1,788	23.4	1,790	-19.5	*	2.0	1,785	-45	958,818
Crack	29.0	1,791	24.3	1,786	-4.8	*	1.6	1,784	-17	957,890
Heroin	13.8	1,791	12.0	1,788	-1.9	*	0.7	1,787	-14	959,101
Inhalants	4.3	1,787	2.0	1,782	-2.3	*	0.7	1,782	-53	958,560
PCP	4.5	1,790	1.8	1,782	-2.7	*	0.5	1,782	-60	957,052
Hallucinogens	13.1	1,788	5.7	1,778	-7.4	*	0.9	1,778	-56	955,836
Illegal methadone	2.9	1,789	2.2	1,789	-0.6		0.4	1,789	n.s.	961,428
Narcotics	8.8	1,786	6.1	1,786	-2.7	*	0.6	1,786	-31	960,152
Methamphetamines	14.3	1,789	8.1	1,781	-6.2	*	1.2	1,780	-43	958,332
Downers	14.7	1,790	7.6	1,782	-7.1	*	0.8	1,782	-48	958,638
Other	6.5	1,755	3.2	1,755	-3.4	*	0.5	1,755	-52	944,695
Note: Percentages are weighted to reflect a population of approximately 967,000 individuals discharged from treatment between September 1, 1989, and August 31, 1990, who were still living five or more years after treatment. * Difference is significant at p<.05. n.s. Difference not significant at p<.05. ^a Cases missing a response for either the "before" or "after" question were not used to calculate the difference or p-value of the paired t-test.

Table B-2.Percentage in inpatient treatment who used drugs and alcohol during the five years before and after treatment [SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]
Drug	Percentage using 5 or more times
Drug	Before	(n)	After	(n)	Difference^a		Standard Error	(n)	Percentage Difference^a	N

Alcohol	91.8	697	78.7	699	-13.4	*	1.7	696	-15	355,66 5

Any illicit drug	77.7	700	58.4	700	-19.2	*	1.9	700	-25	357,95 4

Marijuana	54.8	696	36.0	690	-19.0	*	1.5	690	-35	353,16 1
Cocaine	45.2	695	23.8	697	-21.3	*	2.5	694	-47	353,29 6
Crack	36.5	698	31.2	696	-5.2	*	2.2	695	-14	355,52 3
Heroin	14.5	697	12.6	695	-1.9		1.1	695	n.s.	354,54 9
Inhalants	4.6	697	1.6	696	-3.0	*	0.7	696	-65	355,32 1
PCP	4.1	696	1.4	693	-2.8	*	0.7	693	-68	353,73 1
Hallucinogens	10.9	697	3.9	695	-7.0	*	1.2	695	-64	355,85 8
Illegal methadone	3.4	696	2.2	696	-1.2		0.8	696	n.s.	355,49 3
Narcotics	9.4	695	6.0	695	-3.4	*	1.0	695	-36	354,98 2
Methamphetamines	14.0	697	7.1	696	-6.9	*	2.0	696	-49	356,308
Downers	14.8	697	7.9	694	-7.0	*	1.0	694	-47	355,19 9
Other	8.0	680	3.5	680	-4.5	*	0.7	680	-56	348,06 4
Note: Percentages are weighted to reflect a population of approximately 967,000 individuals discharged from treatment between September 1, 1989, and August 31, 1990 who were still living five or more years after treatment. * Difference is significant at p<.05. n.s. Difference not significant at p<.05. ^a Cases missing a response for either the "before" or "after" question were not used to calculate the difference or p-value of the paired t-test.

Table B-3.Percentage in residential treatment who used drugs and alcohol during the five years before and after treatment [SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]
Drug	Percentage using 5 or more times
Drug	Before	(n)	After	(n)	Difference^a		Standard Error	(n)	Percentage Difference^a	N

Alcohol	92.1	326	81.3	325	-10.8	*	2.3	325	-12	173,62 7

Any illicit drug	88.8	326	68.6	326	-20.2	*	2.5	326	-23	173,81 1

Marijuana	67.9	323	47.1	320	-21.6	*	3.1	320	-32	170,71 3
Cocaine	53.4	324	24.3	324	-29.2	*	3.9	323	-55	171,99 9
Crack	48.5	324	33.8	322	-15.3	*	4.4	321	-32	170,54 2
Heroin	9.2	323	9.0	324	-0.2		1.4	323	n.s.	172,00 6
Inhalants	7.3	324	3.1	322	-3.9		2.1	322	n.s.	170,79 4
PCP	5.4	324	1.6	321	-3.9	*	1.6	321	-72	170,58 8
Hallucinogens	19.2	322	6.5	320	-12.9	*	2.9	320	-67	169,31 7
Illegal methadone	2.2	323	1.9	323	-0.3		1.2	323	n.s.	171,95 7
Narcotics	12.3	321	9.1	321	-3.2		1.7	321	n.s.	171,30 0
Methamphetamines	23.1	323	14.9	321	-8.4	*	3.1	320	-36	170,164
Downers	19.9	323	12.5	321	-7.6	*	1.4	321	-38	171,33 5
Other	7.4	321	5.3	321	-2.1		1.1	321	n.s.	170,90 9
Note: Percentages are weighted to reflect a population of approximately 967,000 individuals discharged from treatment between September 1, 1989, and August 31, 1990, who were still living five or more years after treatment. * Difference is significant at p<.05. n.s. Difference not significant at p<.05. ^a Cases missing a response for either the "before" or "after" question were not used to calculate the difference or p-value of the paired t-test.

Table B-4.Percentage in outpatient methadone treatment who used drugs and alcohol during the five years before and after treatment
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]
Drug	Percentage using 5 or more times
Drug	Before	(n)	After	(n)	Difference^a		Standard Error	(n)	Percentage Difference^a	N

Alcohol	78.0	217	63.8	216	-14.6	*	3.4	216	-19	47,630

Any illicit drug	95.2	217	86.1	217	-9.1	*	1.8	217	-10	47,871

Marijuana	58.5	216	39.3	215	-19.4	*	3.2	215	-33	47,558
Cocaine	61.2	217	49.3	216	-12.0	*	4.4	216	-20	47,711
Crack	24.2	215	23.7	215	-0.5		5.9	215	n.s.	47,248
Heroin	82.1	216	60.1	216	-22.1	*	5.1	216	-27	47,820
Inhalants	1.6	215	1.0	213	-0.7		0.5	213	n.s.	47,180
PCP	3.4	216	0.7	215	-2.6	*	1.0	215	-76	47,662
Hallucinogens	12.4	215	3.8	214	-8.6	*	2.9	214	-69	47,507
Illegal methadone	15.4	216	10.9	216	-4.5	*	2.2	216	-29	47,820
Narcotics	17.0	216	12.4	216	-4.6	*	2.0	216	-27	47,713
Methamphetamines	11.1	215	3.1	214	-8.1	*	2.3	214	-73	47,421
Downers	28.8	216	14.7	214	-14.3	*	3.0	214	-50	46,924
Other	9.6	212	5.4	212	-4.3		2.2	212	n.s.	47,000
Note: Percentages are weighted to reflect a population of approximately 967,000 individuals discharged from treatment between September 1, 1989, and August 31, 1990, who were still living five or more years after treatment. * Difference is significant at p<.05. n.s. Difference not significant at p<.05. ^a Cases missing a response for either the "before" or "after" question were not used to calculate the difference or p-value of the paired t-test.

Table B-5.Percentage in outpatient nonmethadone treatment who used drugs and alcohol during the five years before and after treatment
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]
Drug	Percentage using 5 or more times
Drug	Before	(n)	After	(n)	Difference^a		Standard Error	(n)	Percentage Difference^a	N

Alcohol	90.5	554	77.1	550	-13.5	*	3.2	550	-15	383,639

Any illicit drug	64.9	556	52.6	556	-12.3	*	2.6	556	-19	387,375

Marijuana	52.8	554	43.2	549	-10.2	*	2.6	549	-19	380,671
Cocaine	33.9	552	19.5	553	-14.4	*	3.0	552	-42	385,813
Crack	14.0	554	13.7	553	-0.3		2.2	553	n.s.	384,577
Heroin	6.7	555	6.7	553	-0.1		1.3	553	n.s.	384,726
Inhalants	3.0	551	1.9	551	-1.1		1.2	551	n.s.	385,266
PCP	4.5	554	2.4	553	-2.1	*	1.0	553	-47	385,072
Hallucinogens	12.5	554	7.4	549	-5.2	*	1.6	549	-42	383,155
Illegal methadone	1.1	554	1.2	554	0.1		0.6	554	n.s.	386,157
Narcotics	5.7	554	4.2	554	-1.5		2.0	554	n.s.	386,157
Methamphetamines	10.9	554	6.6	550	-4.3	*	2.3	550	-39	384,439
Downers	10.4	554	4.2	553	-6.3	*	3.1	553	-61	385,180
Other	4.4	542	1.6	542	-2.8	*	2.2	542	-64	378,721
Note: Percentages are weighted to reflect a population of approximately 967,000 individuals discharged from treatment between September 1, 1989, and August 31, 1990, who were still living five or more years after treatment. * Difference is significant at p<.05. n.s. Difference not significant at p<.05. ^a Cases missing a response for either the "before" or "after" question were not used to calculate the difference or p-value of the paired t-test.

Table B-6.Number of days per month used specific drugs in five years before and after treatment, among respondents who used the drug during the five years before treatment
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]
Drug	Number of days used
Drug	Before	(n)	After	(n)	Difference^a		Standard Error	(n)	Percentage Difference^a	N

Alcohol	16.8	1,374	10.7	1,296	-5.5	*	0.5	1,296	-33	748,089

Marijuana	14.6	875	7.1	840	-7.1	*	0.5	840	-49	471,431
Cocaine	12.1	725	4.7	701	-7.2	*	0.5	701	-60	377,410
Crack	16.2	445	8.6	428	-7.6	*	0.8	428	-47	245,086
Heroin	21.2	312	13.4	298	-7.6	*	0.9	298	-36	120,217
Inhalants	7.7	84	1.8	84	-6.0	*	1.3	84	-78	36,510
PCP	8.8	77	2.5	77	-6.2	*	1.3	77	-70	40,236
Hallucinogens	4.5	232	1.7	229	-2.8	*	0.7	229	-62	121,655
Illegal methadone	8.3	74	3.2	74	-5.1	*	1.5	74	-61	26,738
Narcotics	10.5	163	4.4	159	-5.8	*	0.9	159	-55	77,093
Methamphetamines	12.0	249	3.7	242	-8.0	*	1.1	242	-67	128,597
Downers	10.1	276	5.0	272	-5.2	*	0.7	272	-51	130,167
Other	15.0	105	4.7	103	-10.4	*	1.5	103	-69	56,449
Note: Percentages are weighted to reflect a population of approximately 967,000 individuals discharged from treatment between September 1, 1989, and August 31, 1990, who were still living five or more years after treatment. * Difference is significant at p<.05. ^a Cases missing a response for either the "before" or "after" question were not used to calculate the difference or p-value of the paired t-test.

Table B-7. Number of days per month used specific drugs in five years before and after treatment, among respondents in inpatient treatment who used the drug during the five years before treatment
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]
Drug	Number of days used
Drug	Before	(n)	After	(n)	Difference^a		Standard Error	(n)	Percentage Difference^a	N

Alcohol	18.2	546	11.6	509	-6.1	*	0.8	508	-34	263,618

Marijuana	14.6	319	5.7	308	-8.5	*	0.7	308	-58	160,952
Cocaine	13.7	268	5.3	261	-8.1	*	0.6	261	-59	141,104
Crack	16.5	193	10.0	188	-6.6	*	0.7	188	-40	108,069
Heroin	22.3	87	13.8	83	-8.4	*	1.1	83	-38	44,825
Inhalants	12.2	35	2.5	35	-9.7	*	2.5	35	-80	13,719
PCP	10.2	24	3.2	24	-6.9	*	1.1	24	-68	13,301
Hallucinogens	4.8	76	1.9	76	-2.9	*	1.0	76	-60	37,230
Illegal methadone	8.9	22	2.5	22	-6.5	*	1.9	22	-73	11,969
Narcotics	8.4	52	3.9	52	-4.5	*	1.0	52	-54	29,032
Methamphetamines	13.3	90	3.5	87	-9.5	*	1.0	87	-71	43,472
Downers	11.7	94	5.1	92	-6.8	*	1.2	92	-58	49,512
Other	13.3	49	4.5	48	-8.6	*	1.7	48	-65	24,528
Note: Percentages are weighted to reflect a population of approximately 967,000 individuals discharged from treatment between September 1, 1989, and August 31, 1990, who were still living five or more years after treatment. * Difference is significant at p<.05. ^a Cases missing a response for either the "before" or "after" question were not used to calculate the difference or p-value of the paired t-test.

Table B-8.Number of days per month used specific drugs in five years before and after treatment, among respondents in residential treatment who used the drug during the five years before treatment
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]
Drug	Number of days used
Drug	Before	(n)	After	(n)	Difference^a		Standard Error	(n)	Percentage Difference^a	N

Alcohol	18.2	246	12.3	228	-5.5	*	1.1	228	-30	120,690

Marijuana	15.8	186	8.1	179	-7.3	*	1.3	179	-46	96,774
Cocaine	9.8	153	3.1	148	-6.3	*	1.1	148	-64	83,049
Crack	18.7	129	7.3	121	-11.0	*	1.5	121	-59	69,289
Heroin	17.7	30	12.2	28	-5.2	*	2.0	28	-29	13,795
Inhalants	5.6	22	1.3	22	-4.3	*	1.0	22	-77	10,297
PCP	9.3	20	0.2	20	-9.1	*	4.0	20	-98	9,238
Hallucinogens	4.8	64	1.2	62	-3.6	*	1.1	62	-75	31,181
Illegal methadone	3.2	6	3.5	6	0.3		2.9	6	n.a.	3,847
Narcotics	10.1	36	4.1	35	-5.5	*	1.9	35	-54	18,777
Methamphetamines	10.8	64	3.4	62	-6.9	*	1.4	62	-64	36,498
Downers	6.7	64	4.3	63	-2.5	*	0.8	63	-37	32,108
Other	14.7	21	8.2	20	-7.2	*	2.2	20	-49	10,765
Note: Percentages are weighted to reflect a population of approximately 967,000 individuals discharged from treatment between September 1, 1989, and August 31, 1990, who were still living five or more years after treatment. * Difference is significant at p<.05. n.s. Difference not significant at p<.05. ^a Cases missing a response for either the "before" or "after" question were not used to calculate the difference or p-value of the paired t-test. n.a. Significant percentage difference is not reported due to extremely small sample size of less than 20 cases.

Table B-9.Number of days per month used specific drugs in five years before and after treatment, among respondents in outpatient methadone treatment who used the drug during the five years before treatment
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]
Drug	Number of days used
Drug	Before	(n)	After	(n)	Difference^a		Standard Error	(n)	Percentage Difference^a	N

Alcohol	14.9	141	10.5	139	-4.3	*	1.8	139	-29	32,673

Marijuana	13.2	102	5.5	98	-7.2	*	1.3	98	-55	24,471
Cocaine	13.8	116	8.2	108	-5.7	*	1.2	108	-41	24,122
Crack	11.9	45	7.3	41	-4.6	*	1.1	41	-39	10,326
Heroin	24.4	156	14.8	148	-9.4	*	1.2	148	-39	33,791
Inhalants	11.7	3	4.8	3	-6.9		6.4	3	n.a.	775
PCP	7.9	9	0.8	9	-7.1	*	3.2	9	n.a.	1,567
Hallucinogens	3.0	23	0.6	23	-2.3	*	0.6	23	-77	5,897
Illegal methadone	8.7	37	4.4	37	-4.3	*	1.9	37	-49	6,960
Narcotics	12.9	37	4.0	36	-9.0	*	2.2	36	-70	7,695
Methamphetamines	11.2	25	1.8	25	-9.4	*	3.1	25	-84	5,312
Downers	9.7	57	3.5	56	-6.2	*	1.0	56	-64	12,882
Other	20.4	13	12.6	13	-7.8	*	3.1	13	n.a.	3,726
Note: Percentages are weighted to reflect a population of approximately 967,000 individuals discharged from treatment between September 1, 1989, and August 31, 1990, who were still living five or more years after treatment. * Difference is significant at p<.05. ^a Cases missing a response for either the "before" or "after" question were not used to calculate the difference or p-value of the paired t-test. n.a. Significant percentage difference is not reported due to extremely small sample size of less than 20 cases.

Table B-10. Number of days per month used specific drugs in five years before and after treatment, among respondents in outpatient nonmethadone treatment who used the drug during the five years before treatment
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]
Drug	Number of days used
Drug	Before	(n)	After	(n)	Difference^a		Standard Error	(n)	Percentage Difference^a	N

Alcohol	15.0	441	9.3	420	-5.2	*	9.3	420	-35	285,078

Marijuana	14.1	268	8.0	255	-5.7	*	1.1	255	-40	16,800
Cocaine	11.6	188	4.3	184	-7.2	*	1.0	184	-62	118,051
Crack	13.0	78	7.7	78	-5.3	*	1.8	78	-41	48,232
Heroin	16.1	39	11.1	39	-5.0		2.6	39	n.s.	23,448
Inhalants	4.2	24	1.1	24	-3.1	*	1.4	24	-74	11,719
PCP	7.4	24	3.5	24	-3.9		2.1	24	n.s.	16,130
Hallucinogens	4.2	69	2.1	68	-2.1		1.4	68	n.s.	45,360
Illegal methadone	10.9	9	3.3	9	-7.6		7.0	9	n.a.	3,962
Narcotics	13.0	38	5.4	36	-6.6	*	2.2	36	-51	19,708
Methamphetamines	11.9	70	4.3	68	-7.0	*	2.6	68	-59	39,905
Downers	11.3	61	6.2	61	-5.1		2.2	61	n.s.	34,307
Other	16.6	22	0.8	22	-15.8	*	3.1	22	-95	16,027
Note: Percentages are weighted to reflect a population of approximately 967,000 individuals discharged from treatment between September 1, 1989, and August 31, 1990, who were still living five or more years after treatment. * Difference is significant at p<.05. n.s. Difference not significant at p<.05. ^a Cases missing a response for either the "before" or "after" question were not used to calculate the difference or p-value of the paired t-test. n.a. Significant percentage difference is not reported due to extremely small sample size of less than 20 cases.

Table B-11. Number of days per month used specific drugs in five years before and after treatment, among respondents who used the drug during the five years before and after treatment
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]
Drug	Number of days used
Drug	Before	(n)	After	(n)	Difference^a		Standard Error	(n)	Percentage Difference^a	N

Alcohol	15.7	1,123	13.3	1,045	-2.4	*	0.4	1,045	-15	537,084

Marijuana	15.2	560	10.9	525	-4.3	*	0.6	525	-28	292,921
Cocaine	13.7	342	10.8	318	-2.9	*	0.7	318	-21	158,608
Crack	16.7	260	15.0	243	-1.8	*	0.8	243	-11	136,078
Heroin	23.1	212	21.3	198	-1.8		0.9	198	n.s.	72,740
Inhalants	7.2	20	7.6	20	0.4		3.4	20	n.s.	8,492
PCP	15.8	18	11.1	18	-4.6		2.8	18	n.a.	9,208
Hallucinogens	5.5	65	5.9	62	0.5		1.3	62	n.s.	35,400
Illegal methadone	5.5	32	8.2	32	2.6	*	1.2	32	47	10,616
Narcotics	11.3	81	9.0	77	-2.2		1.2	77	n.s.	36,492
Methamphetamines	11.7	91	9.5	84	-2.2		1.4	84	n.s.	48,510
Downers	12.0	130	10.7	126	-1.3		1.2	126	n.s.	60,553
Other	15.9	33	14.7	31	-1.2		1.2	31	n.s.	17,624
Note: Percentages are weighted to reflect a population of approximately 967,000 individuals discharged from treatment between September 1, 1989, and August 31, 1990, who were still living five or more years after treatment. * Difference is significant at p<.05. n.s. Difference not significant at p<.05. ^a Cases missing a response for either the "before" or "after" question were not used to calculate the difference or p-value of the paired t-test. n.a. Significant percentage difference is not reported due to extremely small sample size of less than 20 cases.

Table B-12.Number of days per month used specific drugs in five years before and after treatment, among respondents in inpatient treatment who used the drug before and after treatment
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]
Drug	Number of days used
Drug	Before	(n)	After	(n)	Difference^a		Standard Error	(n)	Percentage Difference^a	N

Alcohol	17.9	449	14.1	412	-3.0	*	0.7	412	-17	215,981

Marijuana	16.3	193	9.6	182	-6.2	*	0.8	182	-38	96,405
Cocaine	15.3	117	12.1	110	-2.4	*	0.9	110	-16	61,633
Crack	16.4	128	15.3	123	-1.4		0.8	123	n.s.	70,975
Heroin	24.8	56	21.9	52	-3.1	*	1.0	52	-13	28,262
Inhalants	15.9	5	15.8	5	-0.1		13.0	5	n.a.	2,195
PCP	18.9	6	13.2	6	-5.7		5.0	6	n.a.	3,263
Hallucinogens	8.5	17	8.0	17	-0.5		2.6	17	n.a.	8,832
Illegal methadone	5.9	8	6.4	8	0.5		0.5	8	n.a.	4,606
Narcotics	9.9	22	8.4	22	-1.5		1.2	22	n.s.	13,593
Methamphetamines	12.9	31	10.3	28	-1.9		1.6	28	n.s.	14,896
Downers	13.9	42	12.2	40	-2.2		2.1	40	n.s.	20,777
Other	16.0	16	13.5	15	-2.0		2.4	15	n.a.	8,213
Note: Percentages are weighted to reflect a population of approximately 967,000 individuals discharged from treatment between September 1, 1989, and August 31, 1990, who were still living five or more years after treatment. * Difference is significant at p<.05. n.s. Difference not significant at p<.05. ^a Cases missing a response for either the "before" or "after" question were not used to calculate the difference or p-value of the paired t-test. n.a. Significant percentage difference is not reported due to extremely small sample size of less than 20 cases.

Table B-13.Number of days per month used specific drugs in five years before and after treatment, among respondents in residential treatment who used the drug before and after treatment
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]
Drug	Number of days used
Drug	Before	(n)	After	(n)	Difference^a		Standard Error	(n)	Percentage Difference^a	N

Alcohol	18.2	213	14.5	195	-3.2	*	1.0	195	-18	102,64 0

Marijuana	17.3	123	12.9	116	-4.0	*	1.5	116	-23	60,765
Cocaine	12.4	67	8.0	62	-3.6	*	1.7	62	-29	32,387
Crack	20.5	62	16.8	54	-3.3	*	1.5	54	-16	30,148
Heroin	20.1	17	21.1	15	1.3	*	0.6	15	n.a.	8,000
Inhalants	4.2	7	4.6	7	0.4		0.4	7	n.a.	2,918
PCP	17.2	3	1.2	3	-16.0	*	7.6	3	n.a.	1,328
Hallucinogens	5.3	17	5.7	15	0.4		2.5	15	n.a.	6,618
Illegal methadone	8.0	1	26.0	1	18.0		0.0	1	n.a.	521
Narcotics	10.5	19	7.9	18	-1.7		2.0	18	n.a.	9,845
Methamphetamines	11.6	27	7.2	25	-3.5		1.9	25	n.s.	17,491
Downers	8.0	33	7.7	32	-0.4		0.7	32	n.s.	17,798
Other	17.5	8	18.7	7	-0.9		1.7	3	n.a.	4,705
Note: Percentages are weighted to reflect a population of approximately 967,000 individuals discharged from treatment between September 1, 1989, and August 31, 1990, who were still living five or more years after treatment. * Difference is significant at p<.05. n.s. Difference not significant at p<.05. ^a Cases missing a response for either the "before" or "after" question were not used to calculate the difference or p-value of the paired t-test. n.a. Significant percentage difference is not reported due to extremely small sample size of less than 20 cases.

Table B-14.Number of days per month used specific drugs in five years before and after treatment, among respondents in outpatient methadone treatment who used the drug before and after treatment
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]
Drug	Number of days used
Drug	Before	(n)	After	(n)	Difference^a		Standard Error	(n)	Percentage Difference^a	N

Alcohol	15.5	105	13.6	103	-1.7		1.9	103	n.s.	25,143

Marijuana	15.7	56	9.3	52	-5.7	*	2.0	52	-36	14,645
Cocaine	15.6	78	11.9	70	-4.0	*	1.7	70	-26	16,596
Crack	15.3	25	13.8	21	-1.7		1.4	21	n.s.	5,456
Heroin	26.2	115	21.9	107	-4.0	*	1.0	107	-15	22,863
Inhalants	8.0	1	8.0	1	0.0		0.0	1	n.a.	465
PCP	3.5	2	4.2	2	0.7		0.9	2	n.a.	311
Hallucinogens	3.5	5	2.4	5	-1.1		1.0	5	n.a.	1,562
Illegal methadone	6.3	18	9.4	18	3.1		2.1	18	n.a.	3,281
Narcotics	13.6	21	6.9	20	-7.0	*	3.1	20	-51	4,488
Methamphetamines	23.6	6	9.5	6	-14.0	*	4.5	6	n.a.	977
Downers	11.2	27	7.8	26	-3.4		1.9	26	n.s.	5,745
Other	24.0	5	24.0	5	0.0		0.0	5	n.a.	1,960
Note: Percentages are weighted to reflect a population of approximately 967,000 individuals discharged from treatment between September 1, 1989, and August 31, 1990, who were still living five or more years after treatment. * Difference is significant at p<.05. n.s. Difference not significant at p<.05. ^a Cases missing a response for either the "before" or "after" question were not used to calculate the difference or p-value of the paired t-test. n.a. Significant percentage difference is not reported due to extremely small sample size of less than 20 cases.

Table B-15.Number of days per month used specific drugs in five years before and after treatment, among respondents in outpatient nonmethadone treatment who used the drug before and after treatment
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]
Drug	Number of days used
Drug	Before	(n)	After	(n)	Difference^a		Standard Error	(n)	Percentage Difference^a	N

Alcohol	14.2	356	11.9	335	-1.6	*	0.7	335	-11	223,32 0

Marijuana	14.3	188	11.1	175	-2.7	*	0.8	175	-19	121,10 7
Cocaine	13.5	80	10.7	76	-2.8		1.6	76	n.s.	47,992
Crack	13.7	45	12.6	45	-1.1		1.3	45	n.s.	29,499
Heroin	16.2	24	19.1	24	2.9		1.9	24	n.s.	13,615
Inhalants	3.7	7	4.5	7	0.8		1.0	7	n.a.	2,915
PCP	13.8	7	13.1	7	-0.7		2.4	7	n.a.	4,306
Hallucinogens	4.2	26	5.3	25	1.1		2.0	25	n.s.	18,334
Illegal methadone	3.1	5	5.9	5	2.7		1.7	5	n.a.	2,208
Narcotics	15.7	19	12.5	17	-1.5		3.9	17	n.a.	8,566
Methamphetamines	13.1	27	11.4	25	-0.2		3.0	25	n.s.	15,146
Downers	13.3	28	13.1	28	-0.2		3.6	28	n.s.	16,233
Other	4.9	4	4.9	4	0.0		0.0	4	n.a.	2,746
Note: Percentages are weighted to reflect a population of approximately 967,000 individuals discharged from treatment between September 1, 1989, and August 31, 1990, who were still living five or more years after treatment. * Difference is significant at p<.05. n.s. Difference not significant at p<.05. ^a Cases missing a response for either the "before" or "after" question were not used to calculate the difference or p-value of the paired t-test. n.a. Significant percentage difference is not reported due to extremely small sample size of less than 20 cases.

Table B-16.Percentage who used alcohol during the five years before and after treatment
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]
Characteristics	n	Percentage using alcohol 5 or more times
Characteristics	n	Before	(n)	After	(n)	Difference^a		Standard Error	(n)	Percentage Difference^a	N
TOTAL SAMPLE	3,047
Total Interviewed	1,799	90.7	1,794	77.8	1,790	-13.1	*	1.6	1787	-14	960,561
Sex
Male	1,251	93.7	1,247	80.4	1,243	-13.5	*	1.9	1,241	-14	685,381
Female	548	83.0	547	71.4	547	-12.0	*	2.5	546	-14	275,180
Race/Ethnicity
White (non-Hispanic)	1,101	91.8	1,100	78.9	1,097	-13.2	*	1.6	1,096	-14	578,018
Black (non-Hispanic)	499	88.4	495	79.4	495	-9.1	*	2.2	493	-10	270,645
Hispanic	137	90.5	137	66.2	136	-24.6	*	5.7	136	-27	79,289
Age at Time of Discharge
Less than 18	156	80.2	155	92.0	153	10.8	*	2.8	153	13	76,377
18 - 29	674	90.9	673	79.1	671	-12.1	*	1.9	670	-13	378,769
30 - 39	660	92.5	657	78.1	657	-14.5	*	1.9	655	-16	344,275
40 +	309	90.9	309	67.3	309	-23.6	*	2.9	309	-26	161,141
Education
1 to 9 years	306	91.7	304	77.6	304	-14.3	*	4.2	303	-16	172,361
10 to 11 years	487	90.5	486	77.8	483	-13.0	*	2.2	482	-14	265,930
12 years or GED	517	93.3	516	81.4	515	-12.2	*	1.9	515	-13	269,842
College/grad school	486	87.6	485	74.3	485	-13.3	*	2.6	484	-15	249,788
(page 1 of 3)
Self-Reported Treatment Type
Inpatient	700	91.8	697	78.7	699	-13.4	*	1.7	696	-15	355,665
Residential	326	92.1	326	81.3	325	-10.8	*	2.3	325	-12	173,627
Outpatient methadone	217	78.0	217	63.8	216	-14.6	*	3.4	216	-19	47,630
Outpatient nonmethadone	556	90.5	554	77.1	550	-13.5	*	3.2	550	-15	383,639
Main Drug at Time of Intake^b
Alcohol	1,117	97.5	1,115	82.4	1,114	-15.1	*	2.1	1,112	-15	617,920
Marijuana	443	93.6	441	81.4	441	-12.2	*	2.4	440	-13	247,956
Cocaine	443	91.1	432	78.3	430	-13.3	*	2.0	430	-15	221,756
Crack	382	90.3	379	78.3	380	-12.1	*	1.8	378	-13	210,812
Heroin	315	80.8	315	71.0	314	-10.0	*	2.3	314	-12	109,496
Self-Reported Reasons for Entering Treatment^b
Pressure from criminal justice system	522	92.4	521	81.0	520	-11.7	*	3.6	519	-13	309,388
Health problems	437	92.7	436	75.3	437	-17.5	*	2.0	436	-19	223,898
Relationship problems	837	92.0	835	77.4	833	-14.8	*	2.2	831	-16	438,974
Pressure from employer	132	95.9	132	79.4	131	-16.5	*	3.4	131	-17	65,448
Financial problems	501	94.7	499	78.1	499	-16.6	*	2.1	497	-18	253,295
Length of Stay
Less than 1 week	299	91.9	296	83.9	297	-8.6	*	1.9	295	-9	177,405
1 week - less than 1 month	473	90.2	472	79.0	471	-11.3	*	1.9	470	-13	237,393
1 month - less than 6 months	661	90.4	660	78.1	657	-12.6	*	2.7	657	-14	355,565
6 months or more	345	90.1	345	67.7	344	-22.3	*	3.6	344	-25	173,379
(page 2 of 3)
Completion of Treatment
Treatment completed	1,190	92.8	1,187	76.3	1,184	-16.6	*	1.8	1,182	-18	650,378
Treatment not completed	507	86.5	506	80.7	506	-5.9	*	2.0	505	-7	257,320
Client Satisfaction with Treatment Episode
Very helpful	759	91.2	758	69.9	754	-21.5	*	2.8	754	-24	411,243
Somewhat/not helpful	977	90.8	974	83.8	975	-7.0	*	1.5	972	-8	515,211
Number of Other Treatment Episodes in Lifetime
0	531	90.0	530	72.0	528	-18.3	*	3.3	527	-20	313,339
1-2	708	89.9	707	80.9	705	-9.2	*	1.5	705	-10	366,036
3 or more	525	92.7	522	80.7	522	-12.1	*	1.5	520	-13	259,685
Number of Treatment Episodes Before SROS Episode
0	984	90.1	982	77.9	978	-12.5	*	2.3	977	-14	551,922
1-2	553	91.5	551	79.2	552	-12.5	*	1.7	550	-14	275,614
3 or more	244	91.5	243	74.7	242	-16.8	*	2.4	242	-18	121,732
Number of Treatment Episodes After SROS Episode
0	839	90.3	837	71.3	834	-19.2	*	2.2	833	-21	483,632
1 or more	943	91.2	940	84.6	939	-6.8	*	1.5	937	-7	467,696
Note: Percentages are weighted to reflect a population of approximately 967,000 individuals discharged from treatment between September 1, 1989, and August 31, 1990, who were still living five or more years after treatment. * Difference is significant at p<.05. n.s. Difference not significant at p<.05. ^a Cases missing a response for either the "before" or "after" question were not used to calculate the difference or p-value of the paired t-test. ^b Respondents could be classified in more than one or none of the categories.
(page 3 of 3)

Table B-17. Percentage who used any illicit drug during the five years before and after treatment
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]
Characteristics	n	Percentage using any illicit drug 5 or more times
Characteristics	n	Before	(n)	After	(n)	Difference^a		Standard Error	(n)	Percentage Difference^a	N
TOTAL SAMPLE	3,047
Total Interviewed	1,799	75.4	1,799	59.3	1,799	-16.1	*	1.5	1,799	-21	967,012
Sex
Male	1,251	73.4	1,251	60.6	1,251	-12.8	*	1.5	1,251	-17	690,409
Female	548	80.4	548	56.0	548	-24.3	*	2.4	548	-30	276,602
Race/Ethnicity
White (non-Hispanic)	1,101	76.3	1,101	59.5	1,101	-16.8	*	2.0	1,101	-22	580,081
Black (non-Hispanic)	499	81.5	499	63.2	499	-18.4	*	2.5	499	-23	274,062
Hispanic	137	49.5	137	40.5	137	-9.0	*	2.7	137	-18	79,530
Age at Time of Discharge
Less than 18	156	71.1	156	73.9	156	2.9		4.6	156	n.s.	77,605
18 - 29	674	85.9	674	68.2	674	-17.7	*	1.9	674	-21	381,351
30 - 39	660	81.2	660	60.2	660	-20.9	*	2.4	660	-26	346,915
40 +	309	40.4	309	29.2	309	-11.2	*	1.9	309	-28	161,141
Education
1 to 9 years	306	64.7	306	52.3	306	-12.3	*	2.8	306	-19	173,263
10 to 11 years	487	83.0	487	66.7	487	-16.3	*	3.2	487	-20	268,639
12 years or GED	517	75.2	517	60.0	517	-15.2	*	2.4	517	-20	271,705
College/grad school	486	75.0	486	55.2	486	-19.8	*	3.1	486	-26	250,764
(page 1 of 3)
Self-Reported Treatment Type
Inpatient	700	77.7	700	58.4	700	-19.2	*	1.9	700	-25	357,954
Residential	326	88.8	326	68.6	326	-20.2	*	2.5	326	-23	173,811
Outpatient methadone	217	95.0	217	86.1	217	-9.1	*	1.8	217	-10	47,871
Outpatient nonmethadone	556	64.9	556	52.6	556	-12.3	*	2.6	556	-19	387,375
Main Drug at Time of Intake^b
Alcohol	1,117	67.4	1,117	53.1	1,117	-14.3	*	1.9	1,117	-21	620,447
Marijuana	443	96.9	443	81.6	443	-15.3	*	2.3	443	-16	248,801
Cocaine	443	98.3	443	77.0	443	-21.3	*	2.8	443	-22	223,167
Crack	382	99.2	382	75.4	382	-23.8	*	2.1	382	-24	212,232
Heroin	315	98.4	315	87.2	315	-11.2	*	2.6	315	-11	109,737
Self-Reported Reasons for Entering Treatment^b
Pressure from criminal justice system	522	73.0	522	62.0	522	-11.0	*	2.6	522	-15	310,717
Health problems	437	74.7	437	58.0	437	-16.7	*	2.7	437	-22	224,300
Relationship problems	837	80.9	837	65.0	837	-15.9	*	1.7	837	-20	442,636
Pressure from employer	132	79.4	132	59.9	132	-19.6	*	4.2	132	-25	65,959
Financial problems	501	85.9	501	70.0	501	-15.9	*	1.8	501	-19	255,805
Length of Stay
Less than 1 week	299	77.8	299	62.4	299	-15.5	*	2.3	299	-20	180,093
1 week - less than 1 month	473	80.2	473	60.7	473	-19.5	*	2.2	473	-24	238,656
1 month - less than 6 months	661	73.3	661	61.0	661	-12.3	*	2.8	661	-17	357,879
6 months or more	345	69.7	345	49.2	345	-20.5	*	2.9	345	-29	173,563
(page 2 of 3)
Completion of Treatment
Treatment completed	1,190	73.8	1,190	55.6	1,190	-18.2	*	2.0	1,190	-25	654,323
Treatment not completed	507	83.8	507	71.5	507	-12.3	*	2.4	507	-15	257,962
Client Satisfaction with Treatment Episode
Very helpful	759	73.2	759	52.6	759	-20.6	*	2.1	759	-28	413,126
Somewhat/not helpful	977	78.7	977	65.9	977	-12.8	*	1.6	977	-16	517,915
Number of Other Treatment Episodes in Lifetime
0	531	61.9	531	42.3	531	-19.5	*	2.9	531	-32	316,289
1-2	708	80.3	708	65.3	708	-15.1	*	1.8	708	-19	368,042
3 or more	525	87.9	525	73.6	525	-14.4	*	2.0	525	-16	261,179
Number of Treatment Episodes Before SROS Episode
0	984	71.0	984	56.0	984	-15.0	*	2.1	984	-21	556,878
1-2	553	82.2	553	63.4	553	-18.7	*	2.1	553	-23	276,831
3 or more	244	85.4	244	68.3	244	-17.0	*	3.4	244	-20	122,008
Number of Treatment Episodes After SROS Episode
0	839	66.0	839	45.3	839	-20.7	*	2.4	839	-31	486,859
1 or more	943	85.9	943	74.3	943	-11.6	*	1.5	943	-14	470,919
Note: Percentages are weighted to reflect a population of approximately 967,000 individuals discharged from treatment between September 1, 1989, and August 31, 1990, who were still living five or more years after treatment. * Difference is significant at p<.05. n.s. Difference not significant at p<.05. ^a Cases missing a response for either the "before" or "after" question were not used to calculate the difference or p-value of the paired t-test. ^b Respondents could be classified in more than one or none of the categories.
(page 3 of 3)

Table B-18. Percentage who used marijuana during the five years before and after treatment
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]
Characteristics	n	Percentage using marijuana 5 or more times
Characteristics	n	Before	(n)	After	(n)	Difference^a		Standard Error	(n)	Percentage Difference^a	N
TOTAL SAMPLE	3,047
Total Interviewed	1,799	56.5	1,789	41.0	1,774	-16.0	*	1.6	1774	-28	952,103
Sex
Male	1,251	58.3	1,245	44.6	1,233	-14.3	*	1.6	1,233	-25	678,503
Female	548	52.2	544	32.1	541	-20.3	*	2.5	541	-39	273,600
Race/Ethnicity
White (non-Hispanic)	1,101	60.0	1,098	44.1	1,090	-16.1	*	1.9	1,090	-27	575,168
Black (non-Hispanic)	499	53.7	492	37.2	485	-17.8	*	2.2	485	-33	264,795
Hispanic	137	37.6	137	24.3	137	-13.2	*	3.1	137	-35	79,530
Age at Time of Discharge
Less than 18	156	67.8	156	69.5	156	1.7		4.6	156	n.s.	77,605
18 - 29	674	66.3	672	51.6	667	-15.0	*	2.2	667	-23	377,636
30 - 39	660	57.1	656	35.1	649	-22.7	*	2.5	649	-40	341,290
40 +	309	26.4	305	14.3	302	-12.7	*	2.1	302	-48	155,571
Education
1 to 9 years	306	48.4	304	36.6	301	-12.5	*	3.1	301	-26	169,899
10 to 11 years	487	60.6	485	44.9	479	-16.6	*	2.4	479	-27	264,029
12 years or GED	517	58.5	514	45.0	512	-13.6	*	2.5	512	-23	267,865
College/grad school	486	55.5	483	35.3	479	-20.5	*	2.7	479	-37	247,669
(page 1 of 3)
Self-Reported Treatment Type
Inpatient	700	54.8	696	36.0	690	-19.0	*	1.5	690	-35	353,161
Residential	326	67.9	323	47.1	320	-21.6	*	3.1	320	-32	170,713
Outpatient methadone	217	58.5	216	39.3	215	-19.4	*	3.2	215	-33	47,558
Outpatient nonmethadone	556	52.8	554	43.2	549	-10.2	*	2.6	549	-19	380,671
Main Drug at Time of Intake^b
Alcohol	1,117	54.1	1,110	40.1	1,099	-14.5	*	1.9	1,099	-27	610,531
Marijuana	443	95.7	441	78.1	441	-17.7	*	2.2	441	-18	248,497
Cocaine	443	71.2	429	50.7	428	-20.7	*	2.8	428	-29	221,256
Crack	382	70.3	378	45.9	375	-25.0	*	2.7	375	-36	208,461
Heroin	315	58.9	312	38.0	310	-21.5	*	2.6	310	-37	107,088
Self-Reported Reasons for Entering Treatment^b
Pressure from criminal justice system	522	61.1	519	49.1	516	-12.5	*	2.8	516	-20	306,403
Health problems	437	56.1	434	37.8	431	-18.4	*	3.0	431	-33	222,156
Relationship problems	837	60.0	834	44.3	827	-16.3	*	1.6	827	-27	437,207
Pressure from employer	132	51.1	132	39.8	132	-11.3	*	3.8	132	-22	65,959
Financial problems	501	67.7	497	46.7	495	-21.2	*	2.1	495	-31	252,217
Length of Stay
Less than 1 week	299	54.3	296	38.0	295	-16.1	*	2.2	295	-30	177,819
1 week - less than 1 month	473	57.8	472	36.9	466	-21.8	*	2.5	466	-38	234,422
1 month - less than 6 months	661	57.1	657	47.6	652	-10.0	*	2.7	652	-18	352,643
6 months or more	345	53.6	343	34.6	340	-19.7	*	3.5	340	-37	170,399
(page 2 of 3)
Completion of Treatment
Treatment completed	1,190	54.5	1,185	38.2	1,174	-16.9	*	1.8	1,174	-31	644,497
Treatment not completed	507	64.2	503	50.4	500	-14.1	*	2.2	500	-22	253,986
Client Satisfaction with Treatment Episode
Very helpful	759	52.9	753	33.0	744	-20.6	*	2.2	744	-39	404,392
Somewhat/not helpful	977	60.4	974	48.2	968	-12.6	*	1.8	968	-21	512,652
Number of Other Treatment Episodes in Lifetime
0	531	48.8	528	34.5	521	-15.1	*	2.8	521	-31	309,405
1-2	708	59.6	706	45.0	701	-15.1	*	2.0	701	-25	363,710
3 or more	525	63.5	522	45.0	519	-18.6	*	2.1	519	-29	258,878
Number of Treatment Episodes Before SROS Episode
0	984	54.1	977	40.8	967	-13.9	*	2.2	967	-26	545,856
1-2	553	61.4	552	43.4	549	-18.3	*	2.1	549	-30	274,586
3 or more	244	60.0	242	38.9	240	-21.2	*	2.8	240	-35	120,367
Number of Treatment Episodes After SROS Episode
0	839	52.1	836	35.2	827	-17.6	*	2.1	827	-34	478,489
1 or more	943	61.8	936	47.7	930	-14.4	*	1.8	930	-23	464,381
Note: Percentages are weighted to reflect a population of approximately 967,000 individuals discharged from treatment between September 1, 1989, and August 31, 1990, who were still living five or more years after treatment. * Difference is significant at p<.05. ^a Cases missing a response for either the "before" or "after" question were not used to calculate the difference or p-value of the paired t-test. ^b Respondents could be classified in more than one or none of the categories.
(page 3 of 3)

Table B-19. Percentage who used cocaine during the five years before and after treatment
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]
Characteristics	n	Percentage using cocaine 5 or more times
Characteristics	n	Before	(n)	After	(n)	Difference^a		Standard Error	(n)	Percentage Difference^a	N
TOTAL SAMPLE	3,047
Total Interviewed	1,799	42.9	1,788	23.4	1,790	-19.5	*	2.0	1,785	-45	958,818
Sex
Male	1,251	42.2	1,244	23.8	1,246	-18.4	*	2.2	1,242	-44	684,821
Female	548	44.7	544	22.4	544	-22.3	*	2.6	543	-50	273,998
Race/Ethnicity
White (non-Hispanic)	1,101	45.5	1,096	23.9	1,097	-21.6	*	2.7	1,095	-47	576,695
Black (non-Hispanic)	499	41.2	495	23.0	495	-18.2	*	2.9	493	-44	271,053
Hispanic	137	30.5	136	21.6	137	-9.4	*	3.6	136	-31	79,065
Age at Time of Discharge
Less than 18	156	20.2	155	28.8	156	8.5		5.1	155	n.s.	77,439
18 - 29	674	49.1	671	25.8	672	-23.3	*	3.2	671	-47	379,065
30 - 39	660	48.9	656	25.0	655	-24.0	*	2.4	653	-49	343,156
40 +	309	26.2	306	12.0	307	-14.4	*	2.7	306	-55	159,158
Education
1 to 9 years	306	37.2	302	25.5	303	-11.8	*	3.6	302	-32	171,868
10 to 11 years	487	47.0	485	23.7	485	-23.2	*	3.0	484	-49	267,176
12 years or GED	517	42.1	515	23.9	515	-18.4	*	2.7	514	-44	269,680
College/grad school	486	43.5	483	21.5	484	-22.0	*	3.6	482	-51	247,454
(page 1 of 3)
Self-Reported Treatment Type
Inpatient	700	45.2	695	23.8	697	-21.3	*	2.5	694	-47	353,296
Residential	326	53.4	324	24.3	324	-29.2	*	3.9	323	-55	171,999
Outpatient methadone	217	61.2	217	49.3	217	-12.0	*	4.4	216	-20	47,711
Outpatient nonmethadone	556	33.9	552	19.5	553	-14.4	*	3.0	552	-42	385,813
Main Drug at Time of Intake^b
Alcohol	1,117	37.9	1,112	19.6	1,114	-18.4	*	2.4	1,111	-49	617,219
Marijuana	443	48.5	443	27.4	442	-21.2	*	3.8	442	-44	248,641
Cocaine	443	92.8	428	54.2	430	-38.5	*	3.4	426	-41	219,797
Crack	382	54.8	377	22.7	379	-31.9	*	4.0	377	-58	209,263
Heroin	315	71.1	313	47.3	313	-23.4	*	2.9	312	-33	108,102
Self-Reported Reasons for Entering Treatment^b
Pressure from criminal justice system	522	42.8	520	26.2	520	-16.6	*	3.8	520	-39	308,878
Health problems	437	43.7	435	20.9	436	-22.9	*	2.3	435	-52	223,675
Relationship problems	837	46.1	832	24.7	834	-21.5	*	2.6	831	-47	439,938
Pressure from employer	132	48.2	132	23.2	132	-25.0	*	5.4	132	-52	65,959
Financial problems	501	53.8	497	27.5	498	-26.4	*	2.1	497	-49	253,944
Length of Stay
Less than 1 week	299	47.0	296	26.6	296	-20.7	*	3.1	295	-44	178,052
1 week - less than 1 month	473	48.0	470	22.8	470	-25.2	*	2.9	468	-53	236,009
1 month - less than 6 months	661	39.3	657	25.0	659	-14.3	*	3.0	657	-36	355,161
6 months or more	345	37.3	344	15.5	344	-21.8	*	2.9	344	-58	172,776
(page 2 of 3)
Completion of Treatment
Treatment completed	1,190	42.6	1,182	20.8	1,185	-21.7	*	2.4	1,181	-51	647,728
Treatment not completed	507	46.7	504	30.6	503	-16.2	*	2.6	502	-35	256,365
Client Satisfaction with Treatment Episode
Very helpful	759	41.3	753	17.2	754	-24.0	*	2.5	753	-58	409,359
Somewhat/not helpful	977	44.8	972	28.4	973	-16.5	*	2.5	969	-37	513,489
Number of Other Treatment Episodes in Lifetime
0	531	33.4	527	14.7	527	-18.9	*	3.2	526	-57	313,672
1-2	708	43.4	706	25.0	706	-18.5	*	2.5	704	-43	365,791
3 or more	525	55.1	421	32.5	423	-22.4	*	2.2	421	-41	258,642
Number of Treatment Episodes Before SROS Episode
0	984	40.0	978	20.9	977	-19.2	*	2.8	976	-48	552,501
1-2	553	44.3	551	24.7	552	-19.6	*	2.3	550	-44	275,087
3 or more	244	57.2	241	34.1	243	-22.5	*	2.5	241	-39	119,936
Number of Treatment Episodes After SROS Episode
0	839	35.0	833	14.8	834	-20.2	*	2.9	831	-58	482,366
1 or more	943	51.5	938	32.5	939	-19.0	*	2.0	937	-37	467,220
Note: Percentages are weighted to reflect a population of approximately 967,000 individuals discharged from treatment between September 1, 1989, and August 31, 1990 who were still living five or more years after treatment. * Difference is significant at p<.05. n.s. Difference not significant at p<.05. ^a Cases missing a response for either the "before" or "after" question were not used to calculate the difference or p-value of the paired t-test. ^b Respondents could be classified in more than one or none of the categories.
(page 3 of 3)

Table B-20 Percentage who used crack during the five years before and after treatment
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]
Characteristics	n	Percentage using crack 5 or more times
Characteristics	n	Before	(n)	After	(n)	Difference^a		Standard Error	(n)	Percentage Difference^a	N
TOTAL SAMPLE	3,047
Total Interviewed	1,799	29.0	1,791	24.3	1,786	-4.8	*	1.6	1784	-17	957,890
Sex
Male	1,251	27.5	1,248	24.1	1,243	-3.5	*	1.7	1,243	-13	685,167
Female	548	32.9	543	24.8	543	-8.0	*	2.8	541	-24	272,723
Race/Ethnicity
White (non-Hispanic)	1,101	20.4	1,099	18.5	1,093	-1.9		1.5	1,093	n.s.	575,142
Black (non-Hispanic)	499	52.9	493	40.6	494	-12.3	*	3.7	492	-23	270,609
Hispanic	137	13.7	137	13.4	137	-0.3		3.1	137	n.s.	79,530
Age at Time of Discharge
Less than 18	156	5.1	156	15.4	156	10.3	*	3.6	156	202	77,605
18 - 29	674	35.2	671	28.2	668	-7.0	*	2.1	668	-20	378,275
30 - 39	660	34.2	657	27.5	655	-6.9	*	2.8	653	-20	342,387
40 +	309	15.0	307	12.5	307	-2.4		2.0	307	n.s.	159,623
Education
1 to 9 years	306	21.6	306	22.7	304	1.0		2.7	304	n.s.	172,603
10 to 11 years	487	33.6	484	28.2	484	-5.7	*	2.9	483	-17	266,668
12 years or GED	517	26.0	515	22.3	514	-3.6		2.4	514	n.s.	269,137
College/grad school	486	32.9	483	23.7	481	-9.3	*	2.8	480	-28	246,840
(page 1 of 3)
Table B-20 Percentage who used crack during the five years before and after treatment
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]
Residential	326	48.5	324	33.8	322	-15.3	*	4.4	321	-32	170,542
Outpatient methadone	217	24.2	215	23.7	215	-0.5		5.9	215	n.s.	47,248
Outpatient nonmethadone	556	14.0	554	13.7	553	-0.3		2.2	553	n.s.	384,577
Main Drug at Time of Intake^b
Alcohol	1,117	22.7	1,112	21.1	1,110	-1.8		1.7	1,108	n.s.	614,420
Marijuana	443	23.6	443	21.3	440	-2.4		3.0	440	n.s.	247,306
Cocaine	443	43.2	431	35.2	430	-7.9	*	3.4	429	-18	220,786
Crack	382	90.6	380	64.1	381	-26.4	*	3.3	379	-29	210,659
Heroin	315	33.7	313	26.6	313	-7.1		4.1	313	n.s.	109,114
Self-Reported Reasons for Entering Treatment^b
Pressure from criminal justice system	522	22.3	520	21.1	518	-1.4		2.7	518	n.s.	307,446
Health problems	437	28.4	436	21.2	435	-7.0	*	2.8	435	-25	223,230
Relationship problems	837	35.2	834	29.4	833	-5.9	*	2.1	832	-17	439,592
Pressure from employer	132	28.4	132	25.5	132	-2.8		3.4	132	n.s.	65,959
Financial problems	501	39.7	499	33.5	500	-6.3	*	1.9	499	-16	254,241
Length of Stay
Less than 1 week	299	36.5	297	32.2	296	-4.1		2.7	296	n.s.	178,252
1 week - less than 1 month	473	39.1	470	27.8	469	-11.7	*	2.9	467	-30	234,876
1 month - less than 6 months	661	25.0	660	23.4	658	-1.4		2.5	658	n.s.	356,159
6 months or more	345	16.9	343	12.8	342	-4.2		2.8	342	n.s.	171,782
(page 2 of 3)
Table B-20 Percentage who used crack during the five years before and after treatment
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]
Treatment not completed	507	34.2	507	28.6	506	-5.4	*	2.3	506	-16	257,358
Client Satisfaction with Treatment Episode
Very helpful	759	31.5	756	25.5	755	-5.9	*	2.8	755	-19	411,065
Somewhat/not helpful	977	27.8	973	23.6	969	-4.2	*	1.8	967	-15	511,765
Number of Other Treatment Episodes in Lifetime
0	531	20.0	529	12.6	528	-7.4	*	2.4	528	-37	314,281
1-2	708	29.7	706	26.4	704	-3.4		2.3	704	n.s.	365,791
3 or more	525	40.2	522	36.5	521	-3.8		2.6	519	n.s.	257,708
Number of Treatment Episodes Before SROS Episode
0	984	26.5	979	22.7	978	-3.8		2.0	978	n.s.	553,014
1-2	553	31.2	551	25.5	547	-5.8	*	2.3	546	-19	273,007
3 or more	244	37.6	243	30.0	243	-7.7	*	3.6	242	-20	120,576
Number of Treatment Episodes After SROS Episode
0	839	22.6	836	14.6	834	-8.0	*	2.2	833	-35	483,356
1 or more	943	36.2	938	34.7	935	-1.5		2.0	934	n.s.	465,302
(page 3 of 3)
Note: Percentages are weighted to reflect a population of approximately 967,000 individuals discharged from treatment between September 1, 1989, and

Table B-21. Percentage who used heroin during the five years before and after treatment
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]
Characteristics	n	Percentage using heroin 5 or more times
Characteristics	n	Before	(n)	After	(n)	Difference^a		Standard Error	(n)	Percentage Difference^a	N
TOTAL SAMPLE	3,047
Total Interviewed	1,799	13.8	1,791	12.0	1,788	-1.9	*	0.7	1787	-14	959,101
Sex
Male	1,251	12.9	1,244	11.7	1,242	-1.3		0.9	1,241	n.s.	684,063
Female	548	15.9	547	12.6	546	-3.3	*	1.3	546	-21	275,039
Race/Ethnicity
White (non-Hispanic)	1,101	12.2	1,097	10.4	1,096	-1.8		0.9	1,096	n.s.	577,497
Black (non-Hispanic)	499	18.4	496	15.1	496	-3.4	*	1.1	495	-18	271,310
Hispanic	137	10.7	137	14.0	137	3.3		2.2	137	n.s.	79,065
Age at Time of Discharge
Less than 18	156	1.6	156	6.5	156	4.9		2.7	156	n.s.	77,605
18 - 29	674	11.2	671	10.2	671	-1.0		1.0	671	n.s.	379,909
30 - 39	660	20.6	658	16.6	656	-4.0	*	1.5	656	-19	344,112
40 +	309	11.1	306	8.5	305	-2.7	*	0.9	304	-24	157,476
Education
1 to 9 years	306	11.9	302	11.9	301	0.0		1.7	301	n.s.	170,167
10 to 11 years	487	15.7	487	12.7	487	-3.0		1.7	487	n.s.	268,639
12 years or GED	517	12.3	515	11.0	512	-1.4		1.4	512	n.s.	268,274
College/grad school	486	14.5	484	12.4	485	-2.1		1.4	484	n.s.	249,380
(page 1 of 3)
Self-Reported Treatment Type
Inpatient	700	14.5	697	12.6	695	-1.9		1.2	695	n.s.	354,549
Residential	326	9.2	323	9.0	324	-0.2		1.4	324	n.s.	172,006
Outpatient methadone	217	82.1	216	60.1	216	-22.1	*	3.4	216	-27	47,820
Outpatient nonmethadone	556	6.7	555	6.7	553	-0.1		3.2	553	n.s.	384,726
Main Drug at Time of Intake^b
Alcohol	1,117	9.1	1,112	7.1	1,109	-2.0	*	0.8	1,108	-22	613,657
Marijuana	443	7.9	443	7.7	442	-0.2		1.1	442	n.s.	248,025
Cocaine	443	23.0	433	22.1	431	-1.0		2.1	431	n.s.	222,191
Crack	382	13.1	378	9.3	379	-3.8	*	1.5	378	-29	209,962
Heroin	315	92.6	315	74.7	315	-17.9	*	3.5	315	-19	109,737
Self-Reported Reasons for Entering Treatment^b
Pressure from criminal justice system	522	11.4	520	11.5	520	0.2		1.2	520	n.s.	308,878
Health problems	437	17.4	435	16.1	434	-1.4		1.8	434	n.s.	222,319
Relationship problems	837	14.8	834	13.1	832	-1.8		0.8	831	n.s.	438,462
Pressure from employer	132	12.4	132	11.8	131	-0.7		3.1	131	n.s.	65,183
Financial problems	501	20.9	500	19.4	499	-1.5		1.6	499	n.s.	254,288
Length of Stay
Less than 1 week	299	16.5	295	14.7	294	-1.8		1.3	294	n.s.	177,044
1 week - less than 1 month	473	16.7	472	13.9	473	-2.7		1.4	472	n.s.	238,059
1 month - less than 6 months	661	9.7	660	9.5	658	-0.3		1.1	658	n.s.	355,539
6 months or more	345	15.6	343	12.3	342	-3.4	*	1.7	342	-22	171,639
(page 2 of 3)
Completion of Treatment
Treatment completed	1,190	13.2	1,185	10.3	1,182	-3.0	*	0.9	1,181	-23	647,979
Treatment not completed	507	16.8	505	17.7	505	0.9		1.4	505	n.s.	256,447
Client Satisfaction with Treatment Episode
Very helpful	759	12.2	754	9.6	753	-2.7	*	1.2	753	-22	408,221
Somewhat/not helpful	977	15.7	975	14.6	973	-1.1		1.2	972	n.s.	514,961
Number of Other Treatment Episodes in Lifetime
0	531	4.8	529	2.8	528	-2.0	*	0.9	528	-42	313,547
1-2	708	11.9	705	12.1	703	0.2		0.2	702	n.s.	364,730
3 or more	525	27.7	524	23.2	524	-4.5	*	0.1	524	-16	260,714
Number of Treatment Episodes Before SROS Episode
0	984	8.3	978	7.2	977	-1.1		0.9	976	n.s.	550,865
1-2	553	16.8	552	13.9	550	-3.0	*	1.5	550	-18	275,538
3 or more	244	33.2	244	30.1	244	-3.1		2.1	244	n.s.	122,008
Number of Treatment Episodes After SROS Episode
0	839	6.5	837	5.0	836	-1.5		0.9	836	n.s.	484,117
1 or more	943	21.3	937	19.1	935	-2.3	*	0.9	934	-11	465,751
Note: Percentages are weighted to reflect a population of approximately 967,000 individuals discharged from treatment between September 1, 1989, and August 31, 1990, who were still living five or more years after treatment. * Difference is significant at p<.05. n.s. Difference not significant at p<.05. ^a Cases missing a response for either the "before" or "after" question were not used to calculate the difference or p-value of the paired t-test. ^b Respondents could be classified in more than one or none of the categories.
(page 3 of 3)

Table B-22. Percentage in inpatient treatment who used any illicit drug during the five years before and after treatment
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]
Characteristics	n	Percentage using any illicit drug 5 or more times
Characteristics	n	Before	(n)	After	(n)	Difference^a		Standard Error	(n)	Percentage Difference^a	N
TOTAL SAMPLE	1,799	75.4	1,799	59.3	1,799	-16.1	*	1.5	1,799	-21	976,012
Total Inpatient	700	77.7	700	58.4	700	-19.2	*	1.9	700	-25	357,954
Sex
Male	497	74.9	497	60.8	497	-14.1	*	1.9	497	-19	257,250
Female	203	84.8	203	52.4	203	-32.5	*	3.3	203	-38	100,704
Race/Ethnicity
White (non-Hispanic)	414	73.0	414	50.6	414	-22.4	*	3.1	414	-31	201,090
Black (non-Hispanic)	220	84.8	220	67.0	220	-17.8	*	3.7	220	-21	126,654
Hispanic	45	74.1	45	69.4	45	-4.7		5.4	45	n.s.	19,394
Age at Time of Discharge
Less than 18	47	87.7	47	64.0	47	-23.7	*	9.8	47	-27	15,262
18 - 29	242	91.3	242	71.3	242	-19.9	*	2.9	242	-22	134,589
30 - 39	263	84.4	263	63.4	263	-21.0	*	3.7	263	-25	133,050
40 +	148	39.3	148	25.4	148	-14.0	*	3.6	148	-36	75,053
Education
1 to 9 years	124	72.0	124	61.3	124	-10.7	*	4.5	124	-15	67,210
10 to 11 years	191	83.3	191	64.6	191	-18.7	*	3.0	191	-22	101,836
12 years or GED	195	75.6	195	54.4	195	-21.1	*	3.3	195	-28	97,331
College/grad school	189	77.7	189	53.5	189	-24.2	*	4.3	189	-31	91,070
(page 1 of 3)

Main Drug at Time of Intake^b
Alcohol	473	67.1	473	48.1	473	-19.0	*	2.3	473	-28	231,258
Marijuana	133	97.9	133	79.5	133	-18.3	*	3.8	133	-19	63,612
Cocaine	175	99.0	175	75.4	175	-23.5	*	5.7	175	-24	93,971
Crack	187	99.0	187	78.7	187	-20.4	*	3.3	187	-21	104,326
Heroin	78	98.2	78	87.0	78	-11.2	*	5.0	78	-11	43,867
Self-Reported Reasons for Entering Treatment^b
Pressure from criminal justice system	136	81.6	136	74.0	136	-7.7	*	3.3	136	-9	69,867
Health problems	206	75.8	206	22.5	206	-20.6	*	3.7	206	-27	103,336
Relationship problems	350	82.1	350	63.6	350	-18.5	*	2.7	350	-23	180,318
Pressure from employer	58	85.0	58	58.6	58	-26.4	*	7.0	58	-31	25,730
Financial problems	218	88.0	218	72.8	218	-15.2	*	2.8	218	-17	115,496
Length of Stay
Less than 1 week	223	77.6	223	65.4	223	-12.2	*	2.2	223	-16	131,648
1 week - less than 1 month	288	80.3	288	55.9	288	-24.4	*	3.1	288	-30	140,726
1 month - less than 6 months	150	76.4	150	52.9	150	-23.5	*	4.7	150	-31	69,404
6 months or more	34	58.4	34	45.9	34	-12.5		6.7	34	n.s.	13,779
Completion of Treatment
Treatment completed	528	75.8	528	56.2	528	-19.6	*	2.6	528	-26	272,886
Treatment not completed	152	87.7	152	68.9	152	-18.8	*	4.2	152	-21	76,745
(page 2 of 3)
Client Satisfaction with Treatment Episode
Very helpful	339	75.3	339	52.8	339	-22.5	*	3.0	339	-30	178,667
Somewhat/not helpful	351	80.3	351	64.6	351	-15.7	*	2.5	351	-20	174,094
Number of Other Treatment Episodes in Lifetime
0	188	72.3	188	44.3	188	-28.1	*	3.8	188	-39	88,985
1-2	272	78.8	272	59.2	272	-19.6	*	2.8	272	-25	139,982
3 or more	222	83.7	222	70.9	222	-12.8	*	3.1	222	-15	118,086
Number of Treatment Episodes Before SROS Episode
0	373	78.7	373	57.9	373	-20.7	*	3.0	373	-26	190,069
1-2	202	77.3	202	59.1	202	-18.2	*	2.8	202	-24	101,145
3 or more	116	81.1	116	63.0	116	-18.1	*	6.0	116	-22	61,101
Number of Treatment Episodes After SROS Episode
0	302	66.8	302	41.0	302	-25.8	*	2.9	302	-39	149,163
1 or more	391	86.2	391	91.4	391	-14.8	*	1.8	391	-17	205,246
Note: Percentages are weighted to reflect a population of approximately 967,000 individuals discharged from treatment between September 1, 1989, and August 31, 1990, who were still living five or more years after treatment. * Difference is significant at p<.05. n.s. Difference not significant at p<.05. ^a Cases missing a response for either the "before" or "after" question were not used to calculate the difference or p-value of the paired t-test. ^b Respondents could be classified in more than one or none of the categories.
(page 3 of 3)

Table B-23. Percentage in residential treatment who used any illicit drug during the five years before and after treatment
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]
Characteristics	n	Percentage using any illicit drug 5 or more times
Characteristics	n	Before	(n)	After	(n)	Difference^a		Standard Error	(n)	Percentage Difference^a	N
TOTAL SAMPLE	1,799	75.4	1,799	59.3	1,799	-16.1	*	1.5	1,799	-21	976,01 2
Total Residential	326	88.8	326	68.6	326	-20.2	*	2.5	326	-23	173,81 1
Sex
Male	252	87.5	252	69.0	252	-18.5	*	2.8	252	-21	136,07 0
Female	74	93.2	74	67.1	74	-26.1	*	5.3	74	-28	37,742
Race/Ethnicity
White (non-Hispanic)	197	85.7	197	70.9	197	-14.8	*	3.4	197	-17	103,41 4
Black (non-Hispanic)	102	94.7	102	64.3	102	-30.4	*	5.2	102	-32	57,968
Hispanic	13	90.6	13	62.1	13	-28.5	*	1.3	13	n.a.	4,953
Age at Time of Discharge
Less than 18	28	81.8	28	89.3	28	7.5		7.6	28	n.s.	8,723
18 - 29	147	95.8	147	75.5	147	-20.3	*	3.3	147	-21	85,987
30 - 39	116	88.7	116	60.0	116	-28.7	*	3.9	116	-32	63,217
40 +	35	54.9	35	54.2	35	-0.8		0.8	35	n.s.	15,889
Education
1 to 9 years	46	75.8	46	64.6	46	-11.3		6.9	46	n.s.	24,589
10 to 11 years	102	92.8	102	69.9	102	-22.9	*	5.7	102	-25	53,421
12 years or GED	95	88.1	95	72.5	95	-15.6	*	4.5	95	-18	48,608
College/grad school	83	91.6	83	65.1	83	-26.5	*	4.6	83	-29	47,193
(page 1 of 3)
Main Drug at Time of Intake^b
Alcohol	200	85.6	200	67.3	200	-18.3	*	3.3	200	-21	107,02
Marijuana	105	95.1	105	81.0	105	-14.1	*	3.8	105	-15	54,202
Cocaine	79	99.2	79	77.5	79	-21.8	*	5.7	79	-22	44,108
Crack	120	99.8	120	68.7	120	-31.1	*	3.4	120	-31	67,642
Heroin	27	100.0	27	83.0	27	-17.0		10.2	27	n.s.	11,087
Self-Reported Reasons for Entering Treatment^b
Pressure from criminal justice system	108	92.3	108	76.3	108	-15.9	*	3.7	108	-17	51,554
Health problems	75	86.5	75	67.7	75	-18.8	*	6.8	75	-22	37,323
Relationship problems	155	93.2	155	78.9	155	-14.3	*	3.8	155	-15	87,291
Pressure from employer	25	95.8	25	77.6	25	-18.2	*	8.3	25	-19	14,536
Financial problems	80	97.7	80	86.7	80	-10.9	*	2.8	80	-11	40,502
Length of Stay
Less than 1 week	46	80.5	46	62.3	46	-18.2	*	5.1	46	-23	30,420
1 week - less than 1 month	92	86.4	92	67.3	92	-19.2	*	3.9	92	-22	58,696
1 month - less than 6 months	137	95.6	137	74.9	137	-20.8	*	3.4	137	-22	62,830
6 months or more	48	85.1	48	58.1	48	-27.0	*	10.5	48	-32	19,505
Completion of Treatment
Treatment completed	201	88.3	201	65.2	201	-23.1	*	3.3	201	-26	105,66 0
Treatment not completed	112	92.9	112	76.2	112	-16.7	*	5.5	112	-18	59,295
(page 2 of 3)
Client Satisfaction with Treatment Episode
Very helpful		90.6	152	64.5	152	-26.0	*	4.5	152	-29	79,256
Somewhat/not helpful		89.5	165	74.4	165	-15.1	*	3.2	165	-17	88,857
Number of Other Treatment Episodes in Lifetime
0	83	83.8	83	55.1	83	-28.8	*	7.6	83	-34	47,629
1-2	129	91.4	129	71.0	129	-20.4	*	4.1	129	-22	65,995
3 or more	105	94.2	105	79.7	105	-14.5	*	4.3	105	-15	54,581
Number of Treatment Episodes Before SROS Episode
0		86.7	165	66.5	165	-20.2	*	3.9	165	-23	90,964
1-2		89.7	108	68.4	108	-21.3	*	4.6	108	-24	54,733
3 or more		96.4	50	77.6	50	-18.8	*	6.6	50	-20	26,628
Number of Treatment Episodes After SROS Episode
0		87.4	143	55.5	143	-31.9	*	5.2	143	-36	79,143
1 or more		90.9	178	80.8	178	-10.1	*	2.6	178	-11	91,758
Note: Percentages are weighted to reflect a population of approximately 967,000 individuals discharged from treatment between September 1, 1989, and August 31, 1990, who were still living five or more years after treatment. * Difference is significant at p<.05. n.s. Difference not significant at p<.05. ^a Cases missing a response for either the "before" or "after" question were not used to calculate the difference or p-value of the paired t-test. ^b Respondents could be classified in more than one or none of the categories.
(page 3 of 3)

Table B-24. Percentage in outpatient methadone treatment who used any illicit drug during the five years before and after treatment
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]
Characteristics	n	Percentage using any illicit drug 5 or more times
Characteristics	n	Before	(n)	After	(n)	Difference^a		Standard Error	(n)	Percentage Difference^a	N
TOTAL SAMPLE	1,799	75.4	1,799	59.3	1,799	-16.1	*	1.5	1,799	-21	976,01 2
Total Outpatient Methadone	217	95.2	217	86.1	217	-9.1	*	1.8	217	-10	47,871
Sex
Male	121	94.0	121	86.3	121	-7.6	*	2.4	121	-8	26,400
Female	96	96.7	96	85.9	96	-10.8	*	2.7	96	-11	21,471
Race/Ethnicity
White (non-Hispanic)	108	93.4	108	78.9	108	-14.6	*	2.5	108	-16	22,402
Black (non-Hispanic)	79	96.5	79	94.8	79	-1.7		0.9	79	n.s.	18,827
Hispanic	24	96.9	24	90.9	24	-6.0		4.4	24	n.s.	5,490
Age at Time of Discharge
Less than 18	1	100.0	1	100.0	1	0.0		0.0	1	n.a.	990
18 - 29	71	95.8	71	80.0	71	-15.8	*	4.7	71	-16	12,634
30 - 39	101	95.5	101	89.9	101	-5.6	*	2.2	101	-6	23,951
40 +	44	93.2	44	83.5	44	-9.8	*	4.3	44	-11	10,296
Education
1 to 9 years	33	97.1	33	77.6	33	-19.5	*	9.1	33	-20	5,911
10 to 11 years	58	98.6	58	88.2	58	-10.4	*	3.4	58	-11	14,015
12 years or GED	62	93.3	62	87.0	62	-6.3		3.8	62	n.s.	13,186
College/grad school	64	92.9	64	86.8	64	-6.1		3.3	64	n.s.	14,758
(page 1 of 3)
Main Drug at Time of Intake^b
Alcohol	55	93.8	55	88.1	55	-5.7	*	2.4	55	-6	14,588
Marijuana	22	96.5	22	88.3	22	-8.3		5.9	22	n.s.	4,928
Cocaine	72	98.2	72	91.9	72	-6.2	*	3.0	72	-6	17,245
Crack	15	100.0	15	89.6	15	-10.4		8.2	15	n.s.	4,054
Heroin	178	97.4	178	88.9	178	-8.4	*	2.0	178	-9	37,915
Self-Reported Reasons for Entering Treatment^b
Pressure from criminal justice system	28	91.0	28	88.8	28	-2.3		3.7	28	n.s.	7,932
Health problems	50	97.2	50	89.7	50	-7.5		3.9	50	n.s.	12,159
Relationship problems	106	97.1	106	92.2	106	-4.9	*	2.0	106	-5	22,498
Pressure from employer	13	100.0	13	100.0	13	0.0		0.0	13	n.s.	2,343
Financial problems	86	97.1	86	88.5	86	-8.7	*	3.1	86	-9	17,002
Length of Stay
Less than 1 week	11	88.8	11	88.8	11	0.0		0.0	11	n.s.	3,145
1 week - less than 1 month	53	92.4	53	93.7	53	1.3		2.2	53	n.s.	11,344
1 month - less than 6 months	67	98.8	67	90.0	67	-8.8	*	3.2	67	-9	15,712
6 months or more	85	94.5	85	75.8	85	-18.7	*	4.2	85	-20	16,552
Completion of Treatment
Treatment completed	95	96.8	95	85.9	95	-10.9	*	2.7	95	-11	22,157
Treatment not completed	99	96.9	99	91.0	99	-5.9	*	2.3	99	-6	21,649
(page 2 of 3)
Client Satisfaction with Treatment Episode
Very helpful	63	98.6	63	85.5	63	-13.1	*	4.6	63	-13	13,532
Somewhat/not helpful	138	95.1	138	89.1	138	-6.0	*	1.7	138	-6	31,837
Number of Other Treatment Episodes in Lifetime
0	31	91.3	31	79.2	31	-12.1	*	6.0	31	-13	8,565
1-2	89	95.2	89	89.6	89	-5.6		2.9	89	n.s.	17,797
3 or more	94	99.2	94	88.2	94	-11.0	*	2.6	94	-11	20,920
Number of Treatment Episodes Before SROS Episode
0	91	93.2	91	85.4	91	-7.8	*	2.6	91	-8	21,126
1-2	83	97.9	83	89.3	83	-8.6	*	3.9	83	-9	15,486
3 or more	41	100.0	41	87.3	41	-12.7	*	4.8	41	-13	10,720
Number of Treatment Episodes After SROS Episode
0	59	93.9	59	80.9	59	-12.9	*	4.5	59	-14	14,716
1 or more	155	97.4	155	89.8	155	-7.5	*	2.0	155	-8	32,456
Note: Percentages are weighted to reflect a population of approximately 967,000 individuals discharged from treatment between September 1, 1989, and August 31, 1990, who were still living five or more years after treatment. * Difference is significant at p<.05. n.s. Difference not significant at p<.05. ^a Cases missing a response for either the "before" or "after" question were not used to calculate the difference or p-value of the paired t-test. ^b Respondents could be classified in more than one or none of the categories. n.a. Significant percentage difference is not reported due to extremely small sample size of less than 20 cases.
(page 3 of 3)

Table B-25. Percentage in outpatient nonmethadone treatment who used any illicit drug during the five years before and after treatment
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]
Characteristics	n	Percentage using any illicit drug 5 or more times
Characteristics	n	Before	(n)	After	(n)	Difference^a		Standard Error	(n)	Percentage Difference^a	N
TOTAL SAMPLE	1,799	75.4	1,799	59.3	1,799	-16.1	*	1.5	1,799	-21	976,012
Total Outpatient Nonmethadone	556	64.9	556	52.6	556	-12.3	*	2.6	556	-19	387,375
Sex
Male	381	63.0	381	53.7	381	-9.3	*	2.5	381	-15	270,690
Female	175	69.3	175	50.1	175	-19.2	*	4.6	175	-28	116,686
Race/Ethnicity
White (non-Hispanic)	382	73.5	382	60.1	382	-13.4	*	3.7	382	-18	253,904
Black (non-Hispanic)	98	61.0	98	47.0	98	-14.0	*	2.8	98	-23	70,613
Hispanic	55	30.5	55	21.5	55	-9.1	*	3.3	55	-30	4,962
Age at Time of Discharge
Less than 18	80	63.9	80	73.8	80	9.9	*	4.5	80	15	52,631
18 - 29	214	74.4	214	60.1	214	-14.4	*	3.4	214	-19	148,141
30 - 39	180	71.3	180	51.4	180	-19.9	*	4.4	180	-28	126,701
40 +	82	28.9	82	18.2	82	-10.7	*	3.4	82	-37	59,903
Education
1 to 9 years	103	52.0	103	38.4	103	-13.6	*	4.3	103	-26	75,553
10 to 11 years	136	75.2	136	64.1	136	-11.1	*	5.6	136	-15	99,366
12 years or GED	165	67.3	165	56.4	165	-10.9	*	3.9	165	-16	112,580
College/grad school	150	61.8	150	47.3	150	-14.5	*	4.7	143	-23	97,742
(page 1 of 3)
Main Drug at Time of Intake^b
Alcohol	389	58.9	389	49.8	389	-9.1	*	3.0	389	-15	267,578
Marijuana	183	97.1	183	82.6	183	-14.5	*	3.5	183	-15	126,059
Cocaine	107	96.9	107	75.1	107	-21.8	*	4.6	107	-22	67,863
Crack	60	98.3	60	77.0	60	-21.3	*	6.6	60	-22	36,209
Heroin	32	100.0	32	86.6	32	-13.4	*	6.6	32	-13	16,867
Self-Reported Reasons for Entering Treatment^b
Pressure from criminal justice system	250	63.5	250	52.2	250	-11.3	*	4.1	250	-18	181,365
Health problems	106	63.0	106	51.5	106	-11.6	*	4.9	106	-18	71,482
Relationship problems	226	90.2	226	54.7	226	-15.4	*	3.5	226	-17	152,529
Pressure from employer	36	61.1	36	46.2	36	-14.9		8.0	36	n.s.	23,350
Financial problems	117	74.8	117	54.1	117	-20.7	*	4.2	117	-28	82,805
Length of Stay
Less than 1 week	19	72.5	19	30.6	19	-41.8	*	10.3	19	-58	14,881
1 week - less than 1 month	40	62.0	40	57.9	40	-4.1		5.0	40	n.s.	27,892
1 month - less than 6 months	307	63.7	307	57.3	307	-6.4		3.9	307	n.s.	209,932
6 months or more	178	65.2	178	44.5	178	-20.6	*	3.4	178	-32	123,726
Completion of Treatment
Treatment completed	366	63.5	366	48.3	366	-15.3	*	3.5	366	-24	253,621
Treatment not completed	144	72.7	144	66.6	144	-6.1	*	3.5	144	-8	100,273
(page 2 of 3)
Client Satisfaction with Treatment Episode
Very helpful	205	58.5	205	42.6	205	-15.9	*	4.1	205	-27	141,670
Somewhat/not helpful	323	70.7	323	60.2	323	-10.5	*	2.9	323	-15	223,127
Number of Other Treatment Episodes in Lifetime
0	229	48.8	229	35.9	229	-12.9	*	3.8	229	-26	171,110
1-2	218	74.9	218	65.6	218	-9.3	*	2.9	218	-12	144,269
3 or more	104	86.8	104	68.8	104	-18.0	*	3.2	104	-21	67,589
Number of Treatment Episodes Before SROS Episode
0	355	57.8	355	48.4	355	-9.4	*	3.1	355	-16	254,719
1-2	160	80.6	160	61.2	160	-19.4	*	3.9	160	-24	105,467
3 or more	37	77.2	37	62.9	37	-14.4		8.6	37	n.s.	23,559
Number of Treatment Episodes After SROS Episode
0	335	56.8	335	42.5	335	-14.4	*	3.3	335	-25	243,837
1 or more	219	79.8	219	70.9	219	-8.9		3.4	219	n.s.	141,460
Note: Percentages are weighted to reflect a population of approximately 967,000 individuals discharged from treatment between September 1, 1989, and August 31, 1990, who were still living five or more years after treatment. * Difference is significant at p<.05. n.s. not significant at p<.05. ^a Cases missing a response for either the "before" or "after" question were not used to calculate the difference or p-value of the paired t-test. ^b Respondents could be classified in more than one or none of the categories.
(page 3 of 3)

Table B-26. Percentage who reported any criminal activity during the five years before and after treatment
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]
Criminal Activity	Percentage reporting criminal activity
Criminal Activity	Before	(n)	After	(n)	Difference^a		Standard Error	(n)	Percentage Difference^a	N
Vehicle theft	9.0	1,790	4.0	1,789	-5.0	*	0.9	1,789	-56	962,296
Driving while intoxicated (DWI)	60.5	1,794	43.3	1,786	-17.1	*	2.8	1,786	-28	962,391
Driving under the influence (DUI)	54.1	1,793	40.4	1,785	-13.6	*	1.8	1,784	-25	961,093
Public disorder	28.1	1,792	19.6	1,785	-8.5	*	1.2	1,785	-30	961,052
Sell drugs	34.7	1,786	24.2	1,787	-10.5	*	1.4	1,786	-30	962,389
Prostitution/procurement	12.8	1,790	9.5	1,790	-3.2	*	0.9	1,790	-25	963,696
Fraud/forgery	13.7	1,792	10.3	1,792	-3.5	*	1.0	1,792	-26	963,348
Theft/larceny	27.3	1,791	17.2	1,788	-10.0	*	1.5	1,787	-37	960,815
Breaking and entering	13.6	1,792	8.4	1,793	-5.2	*	1.2	1,792	-38	964,140
Armed robbery	3.4	1,794	3.4	1,793	0.0		0.6	1,793	n.s.	963,674
Arson	1.5	1,794	0.6	1,793	-0.9		0.3	1,793	n.s.	964,585
Threaten/attack	12.4	1,792	9.4	1,791	-2.9	*	1.0	1,791	-23	962,441
Use force for sex	0.7	1,792	0.6	1,791	-0.1		0.3	1,791	n.s.	965,569
Homicide	0.4	1,792	0.1	1,792	-0.3		0.2	1,792	n.s.	963,618
Violate parole	16.6	1,788	20.9	1,784	4.3	*	1.4	1,784	26	960,137
Arrested	65.7	1,781	54.4	1,782	-11.3	*	2.6	1,750	-17	942,237
(page 1 of 2)
Spent time in jail, prison, detention, or probation or parole⁺	42.8	1,792	56.8	1,533	7.3	*	1.8	1,528	17	813,503
Supported self mainly through criminal activity	27.2	1,782	17.6	1,782	-9.5	*	1.1	1,776	-35	955,980
Note: Percentages are weighted to reflect a population of approximately 967,000 individuals discharged from treatment between September 1, 1989, and August 31, 1990, who were still living five or more years after treatment. * Difference is significant at p<.05. n.s. Difference not significant at p<.05. ^a Cases missing a response for either the "before" or "after" question were not used to calculate the difference or p-value of the paired t-test. ⁺ There were a large number of cases missing for this variable during the five years after the SROS episode because of item non-response on the five questions that were combined to create this variable.
(page 2 of 2)

Table B-27. Percentage in inpatient treatment who reported criminal activity during the five years before and after treatment
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]
Criminal Activity	Percentage reporting criminal activity
Criminal Activity	Before	(n)	After	(n)	Difference^a		Standard Error	(n)	Percentage Difference^a	N

Vehicle theft	9.2	695	4.3	694	-4.9	*	1.2	694	-53	356,292
Driving while intoxicated (DWI)	58.8	696	41.9	692	-16.7	*	3.0	692	-28	356,445
Driving under the influence (DUI)	56.8	696	41.2	693	-15.5	*	2.1	693	-27	355,935
Public disorder	28.2	695	21.2	694	-6.8	*	2.0	694	-24	356,043
Sell drugs	34.7	693	23.3	694	-11.5	*	1.7	693	-33	355,052
Prostitution/procurement	14.8	695	12.1	695	-2.7		1.7	695	n.s.	355,704
Fraud/forgery	16.4	696	11.3	696	-5.1	*	1.8	696	-31	356,445
Theft/larceny	29.3	696	19.7	694	-9.4	*	2.4	694	-32	355,193
Breaking and entering	14.4	696	8.8	696	-5.6	*	1.7	696	-39	356,445
Armed robbery	4.1	697	3.8	697	-0.3		1.0	697	n.s.	356,686
Arson	1.1	696	0.5	696	-0.6		0.5	696	n.s.	355,945
Threaten/attack	13.4	696	10.2	696	-3.2	*	1.2	696	-24	355,945
Use force for sex	0.8	695	1.1	695	0.3		0.5	695	n.s.	355,533
Homicide	0.3	694	0.3	694	0.1		0.1	694	n.s.	354,718
Violated parole	18.4	694	20.1	692	1.6		1.8	692	n.s.	355,700
Arrested	63.1	695	56.3	685	-6.7	*	2.6	682	-11	349,486
(page 1 of 2)
Spent time in jail, prison, detention, probation, or parole⁺	43.4	696	58.6	582	9.1	*	2.4	580	21	302,067
Supported self mainly through criminal activity	31.4	692	21.0	693	-10.1	*	1.8	690	-32	353,208
Note: Percentages are weighted to reflect a population of approximately 967,000 individuals discharged from treatment between September 1, 1989, and August 31, 1990, who were still living five or more years after treatment. * Difference is significant at p<.05. n.s. Difference not significant at p<.05. ^a Cases missing a response for either the "before" or "after" question were not used to calculate the difference or p-value of the paired t-test. ⁺ There were a large number of cases missing for this variable during the five years after the SROS episode because of item non-response on the five questions that were combined to create this variable.
(page 2 of 2)

Table B-28. Percentage in residential treatment who reported criminal activity during the five years before and after treatment
[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]
Criminal Activity	Percentage reporting criminal activity
Criminal Activity	Before	(n)	After	(n)	Difference^a		Standard Error	(n)	Percentage Difference^a	N

Vehicle theft	11.2	326	5.7	326	-5.5	*	2.2	326	-49	173,811
Driving while intoxicated (DWI)	67.6	326	50.3	323	-17.7	*	2.8	323	-26	172,475
Driving under the influence (DUI)	60.3	326	49.4	325	-11.1	*	3.1	325	-18	173,214
Public disorder	34.2	326	24.2	324	-9.9	*	2.7	324	-29	172,749
Sell drugs	45.2	325	26.6	325	-18.6	*	2.7	325	-41	172,985
Prostitution/procurement	18.7	324	13.3	324	-5.4		3.1	324	n.s.	173,087
Fraud/forgery	20.1	326	13.5	326	-6.6	*	2.6	326	-33	173,811
Theft/larceny	34.7	326	22.4	326	-12.3	*	3.1	326	-35	173,811
Breaking and entering	18.7	324	11.3	325	-7.4	*	3.0	324	-40	172,608
Armed robbery	4.9	325	5.3	325	0.4		1.6	325	n.s.	172,985
Arson	1.0	326	0.6	326	-1.3		1.2	326	n.s.	173,811
Threaten/attack	16.6	325	11.1	325	-5.5	*	2.4	325	-33	172,985
Use force for sex	1.0	325	0.2	325	-0.8		0.8	325	n.s.	173,207
Homicide	0.6	326	0.0	323	-0.6		0.4	326	n.s.	173,811
Violated parole	21.1	325	33.5	325	12.4	*	2.5	325	59	172,693
Arrested	74.8	320	67.9	318	-7.2	*	3.5	315	-10	166,432
(page 1 of 2)
Spent time in jail, prison, detention, probation, or parole⁺	53.8	323	68.4	292	8.1	*	3.9	289	15	150,438
Supported self mainly through criminal activity	31.6	323	16.3	325	-15.2	*	3.7	323	-48	171,995
Note: Percentages are weighted to reflect a population of approximately 967,000 individuals discharged from treatment between September 1, 1989, and August 31, 1990, who were still living five or more years after treatment. * Difference is significant at p<.05. n.s. Difference not significant at p<.05. ^a Cases missing a response for either the "before" or "after" question were not used to calculate the difference or p-value of the paired t-test. ⁺ There were a large number of cases missing for this variable during the five years after the SROS episode because of item non-response on the five questions that were combined to create this variable.
(page 2 of 2)

Table B-29. Percentage in methadone maintenance treatment who reported criminal activity during the five years before and after treatment

[SROS sampled 3,047 clients discharged from drug treatment in 1989-1990]